Strongyloidiasis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:41, 24 July 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2] Furqan M M. M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Strongyloidiasis must be differentiated from other nematode infections and gastrointestinal pathologies such as peptic ulcer disease, intussusception, and bile duct stone.^[1]

Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other diseases

The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Strongyloidiasis from other nematode infections:

Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections^[2]^[3]^[4]
Infection	Nematode	Transmission	Direct Person-Person Transmission	Duration of Infection	Pulmonary Manifestation	Location of Adult worm(s)	Treatment
Strongyloidiasis	Strongyloides stercoralis	Filariform larvae penetrate skin or bowel mucosa	Yes	Lifetime of the host	Löffler's syndrome Chronic cough Pneumonia or sepsis in hyperinfection	Embedded in the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum	Ivermectin Albendazole Thiabendazole
Trichuriasis	Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)	Ingestion of infective ova	No	1-3 years	No pulmonary migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation	Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon	Albendazole Mebendazole
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides	Ingestion of infective ova	No	1-2 years	Löffler's syndrome (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to ova) Cough Substernal discomfort Crackles Wheezing Transient opacities	Free air in the lumen of the small bowel (primarily jejunum)	Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate Ivermectin Levamisole Piperazine
Hookworm infection	Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale	Skin penetration by filariform larvae	No	3-5 years (Necator) 1 year (Ancylostoma)	Löffler's syndrome Transient opacities	Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the small bowel	Albendazole Mebendazole Levamisole Pyrantel pamoate
Enterobiasis	Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)	Ingestion of infective ova	Yes	1-month	Extraintestinal migration is very rare	Free air in the lumen of cecum, appendix, adjacent colon	Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate Ivermectin Levamisole Piperazine

The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Strongyloidiasis from peptic ulcer disease, Intussusception and bile duct stone:

Disease	Common findings	Differentiating features	Laboratory findings
Peptic ulcer disease	Abdominal pain, Bloating and abdominal fullness Nausea, and lots of vomiting Loss of appetite and weight loss; Hematemesis	Epigastric with severity relating to mealtimes Waterbrash (rush of saliva after an episode of regurgitation to dilute the acid in esophagus)	Rapid urease testing positive H. pylori on histology Negative stool exam and serology
Intussusception	Abdominal pain that is colicky and intermittent	Currant jelly stools Most cases occur in children ages 6 months - 2 years	Ultrasound findings include the target and pseudokidney signs
Bile duct stone	Acute abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting	Pain is usually located in the upper right abdominal area radiates to shoulders. Jaundice.	Bilirubin Abnormal liver function tests Elevation of pancreatic enzymes

References

↑ Puthiyakunnon S, Boddu S, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Li J, Chen X (2014). "Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8 (8): e3018. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003018. PMC 4133206. PMID 25121962.
↑ Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
↑ Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.
↑ Serpytis M, Seinin D (2012). "Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 46 (1): 70–2. doi:10.3109/00365599.2011.609834. PMID 21879805.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid25121962-1] Puthiyakunnon S, Boddu S, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Li J, Chen X (2014). "Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8 (8): e3018. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003018. PMC 4133206. PMID 25121962.

[Principles_and_Practice-2] Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.

[Murray_and_Nadel's_Textbook_of_Respiratory_Medicine-3] Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.

[pmid21879805-4] Serpytis M, Seinin D (2012). "Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 46 (1): 70–2. doi:10.3109/00365599.2011.609834. PMID 21879805.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate [[Strongyloidiasis]] from other nematode infections:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! colspan="7" |Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref><ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805  }} </ref>
+! colspan="8" |Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref><ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805  }} </ref>
 |-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Infection
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Nematode
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Transmission
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Treatment
 |-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
 |Filariform larvae penetrate [[skin]] or [[bowel]] [[mucosa]]
@@ Line 33: / Line 35: @@
 * [[Thiabendazole]]
 |-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuriasis]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuris trichiura]]
+([[whipworm]])
+|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
+|No
+|1-3 years
+|
+* No [[pulmonary]] migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
+|Anchored in the superficial [[mucosa]] of [[cecum]] and [[colon]]
+|
+* [[Albendazole]]
+* [[Mebendazole]]
+|-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascariasis]]
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
 |Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
@@ Line 59: / Line 76: @@
 * [[Piperazine]]
 |-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuris trichiura]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hookworm Infection|Hookworm infection]]
-([[whipworm]])
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Necator americanus]] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
-|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
-|No
-|1-3 years
-|
-* No [[pulmonary]] migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
-|Anchored in the superficial [[mucosa]] of [[cecum]] and [[colon]]
-|
-* [[Albendazole]]
-* [[Mebendazole]]
-|-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hookworm]]
-([[Necator americanus]] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale]])
 |[[Skin]] penetration by filariform larvae
 |No
@@ Line 92: / Line 96: @@
 * [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
 |-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Enterobiasis]]
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Enterobius vermicularis]]
 ([[pinworm]])

Strongyloidiasis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:41, 24 July 2017

Overview

Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other diseases

References

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