Hypoglycemia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypoglycemia}} | {{Hypoglycemia}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MAD}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MAD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic Manifestations: [[anxiety]], [[nervousness]], [[tremor]], [[Palpitation]]s, [[Sweating]], coldness. Glucagon Manifestations: [[Hunger]], n[[Nausea|ausea]], [[vomit|vomiting.]] Neuroglycopenic Manifestations: [[irritability]], [[weakness]], [[apathy]], [[lethargy]] [[Confusion]], [[amnesia]]. | Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic Manifestations: [[anxiety]], [[nervousness]], [[tremor]], [[Palpitation]]s, [[Sweating]], coldness. Glucagon Manifestations: [[Hunger]], n[[Nausea|ausea]], [[vomit|vomiting.]] Neuroglycopenic Manifestations: [[irritability]], [[weakness]], [[apathy]], [[lethargy]] [[Confusion]], [[amnesia]]. | ||
==History and symptoms== | ==History and symptoms== | ||
* Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones ([[adrenaline]] and [[glucagon]]) triggered by the falling glucose and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar. | * Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones ([[adrenaline]] and [[glucagon]]) triggered by the falling glucose and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar. | ||
* The attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state. | * The attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state. | ||
* Because of hypoglycemia unawareness, patients can't correct hypoglycemia themselves and need help from the observer. | * Because of hypoglycemia unawareness, patients can't correct hypoglycemia themselves and need help from the observer. | ||
=== Common symptoms: === | === Common symptoms: === | ||
==== Adrenergic Manifestations <ref name="pmid8243825">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1797507">{{cite journal| author=Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM| title=Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1991 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 949-57 | pmid=1797507 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1797507 }}</ref> ==== | ==== Adrenergic Manifestations <ref name="pmid8243825">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1797507">{{cite journal| author=Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM| title=Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1991 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 949-57 | pmid=1797507 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1797507 }}</ref> ==== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 14: | ||
*[[Sweating]], feeling of warmth | *[[Sweating]], feeling of warmth | ||
*Coldness, clamminess | *Coldness, clamminess | ||
==== Glucagon Manifestations ==== | ==== Glucagon Manifestations ==== | ||
*[[Hunger]], [[borborygmus]] | *[[Hunger]], [[borborygmus]] | ||
*[[Nausea]], [[vomit]]ing, [[abdominal pain|abdominal discomfort]] | *[[Nausea]], [[vomit]]ing, [[abdominal pain|abdominal discomfort]] | ||
=== Less common symptoms: === | === Less common symptoms: === | ||
==== Neuroglycopenic Manifestations <ref name="pmid82438252">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17404614">{{cite journal| author=Cryer PE| title=Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 2007 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= 868-70 | pmid=17404614 | doi=10.1172/JCI31669 | pmc=1838950 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17404614 }}</ref> ==== | ==== Neuroglycopenic Manifestations <ref name="pmid82438252">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17404614">{{cite journal| author=Cryer PE| title=Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 2007 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= 868-70 | pmid=17404614 | doi=10.1172/JCI31669 | pmc=1838950 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17404614 }}</ref> ==== | ||
*Nonspecific [[dysphoria]], [[anxiety]], moodiness, [[depression]], crying | *Nonspecific [[dysphoria]], [[anxiety]], moodiness, [[depression]], crying | ||
| Line 34: | Line 28: | ||
*[[Stupor]] | *[[Stupor]] | ||
*Generalized or focal [[seizure]]s | *Generalized or focal [[seizure]]s | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:48, 24 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic Manifestations: anxiety, nervousness, tremor, Palpitations, Sweating, coldness. Glucagon Manifestations: Hunger, nausea, vomiting. Neuroglycopenic Manifestations: irritability, weakness, apathy, lethargy Confusion, amnesia.
History and symptoms
- Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones (adrenaline and glucagon) triggered by the falling glucose and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar.
- The attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state.
- Because of hypoglycemia unawareness, patients can't correct hypoglycemia themselves and need help from the observer.
Common symptoms:
Adrenergic Manifestations [1][2]
- Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, tremor
- Palpitations
- Sweating, feeling of warmth
- Coldness, clamminess
Glucagon Manifestations
Less common symptoms:
Neuroglycopenic Manifestations [3][4]
- Nonspecific dysphoria, anxiety, moodiness, depression, crying
- Negativism, irritability, belligerence, combativeness, rage
- Fatigue, weakness, apathy, lethargy, daydreaming, sleep
- Confusion, amnesia, dizziness, delirium
- Blurred vision, double vision
- Difficulty speaking, slurred speech
- Paresthesias, headache
- Stupor
- Generalized or focal seizures
References
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM (1991). "Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach". Diabetes Care. 14 (11): 949–57. PMID 1797507.
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Cryer PE (2007). "Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death". J Clin Invest. 117 (4): 868–70. doi:10.1172/JCI31669. PMC 1838950. PMID 17404614.