Whipworm infection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*[[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']] is the third most common nematode worldwide following [[Ascariasis|Ascaris]] and [[Pinworm|Enterobius]], all three together affect close to 1 billion people every year.
*[[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']] is the third most common nematode worldwide following [[Ascariasis|Ascaris]] and [[Pinworm|Enterobius]], all three together affect close to 1 billion people every year.
=== Age ===
* [[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']] is more common among school-aged children compared to adults.<ref name="pmid166479722">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref>
=== Gender ===
* There is no gender predilection for infection with [[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']].
=== Race ===
* There is no racial predilection for infection with [[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']].


===Geographic distribution===
===Geographic distribution===
Line 17: Line 26:
*[[Whipworm infection|Whip worm]] infection is [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] in [[Tropical disease|tropical]] and subtropical countries.<ref name="pmid28384306">{{cite journal| author=Manz KM, Clowes P, Kroidl I, Kowuor DO, Geldmacher C, Ntinginya NE et al.| title=Trichuris trichiura infection and its relation to environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= e0175137 | pmid=28384306 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0175137 | pmc=5383155 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28384306  }} </ref>
*[[Whipworm infection|Whip worm]] infection is [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] in [[Tropical disease|tropical]] and subtropical countries.<ref name="pmid28384306">{{cite journal| author=Manz KM, Clowes P, Kroidl I, Kowuor DO, Geldmacher C, Ntinginya NE et al.| title=Trichuris trichiura infection and its relation to environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= e0175137 | pmid=28384306 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0175137 | pmc=5383155 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28384306  }} </ref>
*Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref name="pmid14642761">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture |journal=Trends Parasitol. |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=547–51 |year=2003 |pmid=14642761 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16647972">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref>
*Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref name="pmid14642761">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture |journal=Trends Parasitol. |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=547–51 |year=2003 |pmid=14642761 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16647972">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref>
*Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with [[Tropical disease|tropical weather]] and poor [[sanitation]] practices, and among children.
*Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with [[Tropical disease|tropical weather]] and poor [[sanitation]] practices.<ref name="pmid166479723">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:10, 25 July 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Trichuris trichiura is the third most common nematode worldwide following Ascaris and Enterobius, all three together affect close to 1 billion people. Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is high affecting 95% in children in countries where protein energy malnutrition and anemias are prevalent.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Incidence

Age

Gender

Race

Geographic distribution

  • Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries.[3]
  • Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.[4][5]
  • Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). "The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura". Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
  2. ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
  3. ↑ Manz KM, Clowes P, Kroidl I, Kowuor DO, Geldmacher C, Ntinginya NE; et al. (2017). "Trichuris trichiura infection and its relation to environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study". PLoS One. 12 (4): e0175137. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175137. PMC 5383155. PMID 28384306.
  4. ↑ de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L (2003). "Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture". Trends Parasitol. 19 (12): 547–51. PMID 14642761.
  5. ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
  6. ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.

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