Pituitary apoplexy natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
If left untreated, pituitary apoplexy is an acute life threatening condition. Pituitary apoplexy may lead to sudden decline in pituitary hormone production. The most life threatening endocrinopathy is acute adrenal crisis. Over time, pituitary apoplexy may result in some temporary or permanent endocrinopathies from hypofunction of the pituitary gland.<ref name="pmid21082047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Woo HJ, Hwang JH, Hwang SK, Park YM |title=Clinical outcome of cranial neuropathy in patients with pituitary apoplexy |journal=J Korean Neurosurg Soc |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=213–8 |year=2010 |pmid=21082047 |pmc=2966721 |doi=10.3340/jkns.2010.48.3.213 |url=}}</ref><ref name="BaruahRanabir2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baruah|first1=ManashP|last2=Ranabir|first2=Salam|title=Pituitary apoplexy|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=15|issue=7|year=2011|pages=188|issn=2230-8210|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84862}}</ref> | If left untreated, pituitary apoplexy is an acute life threatening condition. Pituitary apoplexy may lead to sudden decline in pituitary hormone production. The most life threatening endocrinopathy is acute adrenal crisis. Over time, pituitary apoplexy may result in some temporary or permanent endocrinopathies from hypofunction of the pituitary gland.<ref name="pmid21082047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Woo HJ, Hwang JH, Hwang SK, Park YM |title=Clinical outcome of cranial neuropathy in patients with pituitary apoplexy |journal=J Korean Neurosurg Soc |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=213–8 |year=2010 |pmid=21082047 |pmc=2966721 |doi=10.3340/jkns.2010.48.3.213 |url=}}</ref><ref name="BaruahRanabir2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baruah|first1=ManashP|last2=Ranabir|first2=Salam|title=Pituitary apoplexy|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=15|issue=7|year=2011|pages=188|issn=2230-8210|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84862}}</ref> | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Natural History
If left untreated, pituitary apoplexy is an acute life threatening condition. Pituitary apoplexy may lead to sudden decline in pituitary hormone production. The most life threatening endocrinopathy is acute adrenal crisis. Over time, pituitary apoplexy may result in some temporary or permanent endocrinopathies from hypofunction of the pituitary gland.[1][2]
Complications
Complications of pituitary apoplexy can include;
- Adrenal crisis
- Vision loss and optic neuritis
- Diplopia
- Ptosis
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypogonadism
- Growth hormone deficiency
Prognosis
Acute pituitary apoplexy can be life-threatening. Emergent application of medical and surgical treatment is associated with greater improvement in visual field defects, visual acuity, and diplopia.[3] The outlook is good for people who have chronic hormone deficiency that is diagnosed and treated.[4] Patients require hormone(s) replacement therapy for life.
References
- ↑ Woo HJ, Hwang JH, Hwang SK, Park YM (2010). "Clinical outcome of cranial neuropathy in patients with pituitary apoplexy". J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 48 (3): 213–8. doi:10.3340/jkns.2010.48.3.213. PMC 2966721. PMID 21082047.
- ↑ Baruah, ManashP; Ranabir, Salam (2011). "Pituitary apoplexy". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (7): 188. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.84862. ISSN 2230-8210.
- ↑ Murad-Kejbou S, Eggenberger E (2009). "Pituitary apoplexy: evaluation, management, and prognosis". Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 20 (6): 456–61. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283319061. PMID 19809320.
- ↑ Xiao D, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhao L, Wei L, Ding C (2015). "Clinical analysis of infarction in pituitary adenoma". Int J Clin Exp Med. 8 (5): 7477–86. PMC 4509236. PMID 26221291.