Chronic diarrhea risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The [[risk factors]] of [[chronic diarrhea]] can be assessed based on the [[ | The [[risk factors]] of [[chronic diarrhea]] can be assessed based on the [[epidemiological]] associations and the [[patient]]'s characteristics. Some of these factors can be classified based on [[Traveler's diarrhea|travel history]], [[epidemics]] and [[outbreaks]], patients with [[AIDS|acquired immune deficiency syndrome]], and whether the [[patients]] are institutionalized or hospitalized. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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*Travel | *Travel | ||
**Bacterial infection (mostly acute) | **Bacterial infection (mostly acute) | ||
**[[Protozoan infection|Protozoal infections]] (eg, [[ | **[[Protozoan infection|Protozoal infections]] (eg, [[amoebiasis]], [[giardiasis]]) | ||
**[[Tropical sprue]] | **[[Tropical sprue]] | ||
*[[Genetics]] | *[[Genetics]] | ||
**[[Mutations]] in certain [[genes]] are associated with chronic diarrhea in [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]] | **[[Mutations]] in certain [[genes]] are associated with chronic diarrhea in [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]] | ||
*[[Epidemics]] and [[outbreaks]] | *[[Epidemics]] and [[outbreaks]] | ||
**[[Bacterial infection]] | **[[Bacterial infection]] | ||
**Epidemic idiopathic secretory diarrhea ( | **Epidemic idiopathic secretory diarrhea (e.g. [[Brainerd diarrhea]]) | ||
**[[Protozoal]] infection ( | **[[Protozoal]] infection (e.g. [[cryptosporidiosis]]) | ||
**Viral infection ( | **Viral infection (e.g. [[rotavirus]]) | ||
*[[Diabetes|Diabetic patients]] | *[[Diabetes|Diabetic patients]] | ||
**Altered [[motility]] (increased or decreased) | **Altered [[motility]] (increased or decreased) | ||
**[[Pancreatic insufficiency|Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency]] | **[[Pancreatic insufficiency|Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency]] | ||
**[[Small Bowel Obstruction| | **[[Small Bowel Obstruction|small intestinal bowel obstruction]] | ||
**[[Drugs]] (especially [[acarbose]], [[metformin]]) | **[[Drugs]] (especially [[acarbose]], [[metformin]]) | ||
*Patients with [[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]] | *Patients with [[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]] | ||
**[[:Category:Drugs|Drug side effects]] | **[[:Category:Drugs|Drug side effects]] | ||
**[[Lymphoma]] | **[[Lymphoma]] | ||
**[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] ( | **[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] (e.g. [[cryptosporidiosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[herpesvirus]], [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]) | ||
*Institutionalized and hospitalized patients | *Institutionalized and hospitalized patients | ||
**[[Clostridium difficile infection]] | **[[Clostridium difficile infection|''Clostridium difficile'' infection]] | ||
**Drug side effects | **Drug side effects | ||
**[[Fecal impaction]] with overflow diarrhea | **[[Fecal impaction]] with overflow diarrhea | ||
Revision as of 13:26, 9 August 2017
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Chronic diarrhea Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
The risk factors of chronic diarrhea can be assessed based on the epidemiological associations and the patient's characteristics. Some of these factors can be classified based on travel history, epidemics and outbreaks, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and whether the patients are institutionalized or hospitalized.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of chronic diarrhea include:[1][2]
- Travel
- Bacterial infection (mostly acute)
- Protozoal infections (eg, amoebiasis, giardiasis)
- Tropical sprue
- Genetics
- Mutations in certain genes are associated with chronic diarrhea in inflammatory bowel diseases
- Epidemics and outbreaks
- Bacterial infection
- Epidemic idiopathic secretory diarrhea (e.g. Brainerd diarrhea)
- Protozoal infection (e.g. cryptosporidiosis)
- Viral infection (e.g. rotavirus)
- Diabetic patients
- Altered motility (increased or decreased)
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
- small intestinal bowel obstruction
- Drugs (especially acarbose, metformin)
- Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Institutionalized and hospitalized patients
- Clostridium difficile infection
- Drug side effects
- Fecal impaction with overflow diarrhea
- Ischemic colitis
- Parenteral nutrition
References
- ↑ Schiller LR, Pardi DS, Spiller R, Semrad CE, Surawicz CM, Giannella RA; et al. (2014). "Gastro 2013 APDW/WCOG Shanghai working party report: chronic diarrhea: definition, classification, diagnosis". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 29 (1): 6–25. doi:10.1111/jgh.12392. PMID 24117999.
- ↑ Duplessis, Christopher A.; Gutierrez, Ramiro L.; Porter, Chad K. (2017). "Review: chronic and persistent diarrhea with a focus in the returning traveler". Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 3 (1). doi:10.1186/s40794-017-0052-2. ISSN 2055-0936.