Pituitary apoplexy causes: Difference between revisions
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The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is [[pituitary adenoma]] (a [[benign]] [[tumor]] of [[pituitary gland]]). Other common causes include: | The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is [[pituitary adenoma]] (a [[benign]] [[tumor]] of [[pituitary gland]]). Other common causes include: | ||
*Coagulopathy<ref name="BaruahRanabir2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baruah|first1=ManashP|last2=Ranabir|first2=Salam|title=Pituitary apoplexy|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=15|issue=7|year=2011|pages=188|issn=2230-8210|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84862}}</ref> | *Coagulopathy<ref name="BaruahRanabir2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baruah|first1=ManashP|last2=Ranabir|first2=Salam|title=Pituitary apoplexy|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=15|issue=7|year=2011|pages=188|issn=2230-8210|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84862}}</ref> | ||
*[[Surgery]] predisposing to [[hypotension]] | *[[Surgery]] predisposing to [[hypotension]]<ref name="pmid3486645">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper DM, Bazaral MG, Furlan AJ, Sevilla E, Ghattas MA, Sheeler LR, Little JR, Hahn JF, Sheldon WC, Loop FD |title=Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=547–50 |year=1986 |pmid=3486645 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Systemic hypertension]]<ref name="pmid21044119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Drake W, Reddy N, Lanyon M, Markey A, Plant G, Powell M, Sinha S, Wass J |title=UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |year=2011 |pmid=21044119 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x |url=}}</ref> | *[[Systemic hypertension]]<ref name="pmid21044119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Drake W, Reddy N, Lanyon M, Markey A, Plant G, Powell M, Sinha S, Wass J |title=UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |year=2011 |pmid=21044119 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7786424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goel A, Deogaonkar M, Desai K |title=Fatal postoperative 'pituitary apoplexy': its cause and management |journal=Br J Neurosurg |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=37–40 |year=1995 |pmid=7786424 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Drugs causing pituitary apoplexy: | *Drugs causing pituitary apoplexy: | ||
**[[Antiplatelet agents|Antiplatelet therapy]] | **[[Antiplatelet agents|Antiplatelet therapy]] | ||
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**[[Estrogen replacement therapy]] | **[[Estrogen replacement therapy]] | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] and [[Postpartum|post partum]] | *[[Pregnancy]] and [[Postpartum|post partum]] | ||
*[[Hormonal]] stimulation of pituitary with [[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone|TRH]], [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|GnRH]] and [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone|CRH]] | *[[Hormonal]] stimulation of pituitary with [[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone|TRH]], [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|GnRH]] and [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone|CRH]] | ||
==Less common causes== | ==Less common causes== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Pituitary apoplexy is most commonly caused by bleeding into the pituitary gland from a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary. When this bleeding occurs in a woman during or immediately after childbirth, it is called Sheehan syndrome. Other conditions causing pituitary apoplexy are coagulopathy, major surgery, hypertension, drugs such as dopamine receptor agonist, GnRH agonist, antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy.
Common causes
The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is pituitary adenoma (a benign tumor of pituitary gland). Other common causes include:
- Coagulopathy[1]
- Surgery predisposing to hypotension[2]
- Systemic hypertension[3][4]
- Drugs causing pituitary apoplexy:
- Pregnancy and post partum
- Hormonal stimulation of pituitary with TRH, GnRH and CRH
Less common causes
- Head injury
- Radiation therapy
- Pituitary surgery
References
- ↑ Baruah, ManashP; Ranabir, Salam (2011). "Pituitary apoplexy". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (7): 188. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.84862. ISSN 2230-8210.
- ↑ Cooper DM, Bazaral MG, Furlan AJ, Sevilla E, Ghattas MA, Sheeler LR, Little JR, Hahn JF, Sheldon WC, Loop FD (1986). "Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41 (5): 547–50. PMID 3486645.
- ↑ Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Drake W, Reddy N, Lanyon M, Markey A, Plant G, Powell M, Sinha S, Wass J (2011). "UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 74 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x. PMID 21044119.
- ↑ Goel A, Deogaonkar M, Desai K (1995). "Fatal postoperative 'pituitary apoplexy': its cause and management". Br J Neurosurg. 9 (1): 37–40. PMID 7786424.