Glucagonoma CT: Difference between revisions
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==CT== | ==CT== | ||
The CT scan findings associated with glucagonoma include:<ref name="pmid25789004">{{cite journal| author=Lv WF, Han JK, Liu X, Wang SC, Pan BO, Xu AO| title=Imaging features of glucagonoma syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 1579-1582 | pmid=25789004 | doi=10.3892/ol.2015.2930 | pmc=PMC4356379 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25789004 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21067742">{{cite journal| author=Khashab MA, Yong E, Lennon AM, Shin EJ, Amateau S, Hruban RH et al.| title=EUS is still superior to multidetector computerized tomography for detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2011 | volume= 73 | issue= 4 | pages= 691-6 | pmid=21067742 | doi=10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.030 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21067742 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9423664">{{cite journal| author=Paulson EK, McDermott VG, Keogan MT, DeLong DM, Frederick MG, Nelson RC| title=Carcinoid metastases to the liver: role of triple-phase helical CT. | journal=Radiology | year= 1998 | volume= 206 | issue= 1 | pages= 143-50 | pmid=9423664 | doi=10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423664 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9423664 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9574609">{{cite journal| author=Legmann P, Vignaux O, Dousset B, Baraza AJ, Palazzo L, Dumontier I et al.| title=Pancreatic tumors: comparison of dual-phase helical CT and endoscopic sonography. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1998 | volume= 170 | issue= 5 | pages= 1315-22 | pmid=9574609 | doi=10.2214/ajr.170.5.9574609 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9574609 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20231629">{{cite journal| author=Wang SC, Parekh JR, Zuraek MB, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Warren RS et al.| title=Identification of unknown primary tumors in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases. | journal=Arch Surg | year= 2010 | volume= 145 | issue= 3 | pages= 276-80 | pmid=20231629 | doi=10.1001/archsurg.2010.10 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20231629 }}</ref> | |||
* CT scans are used to determine the location of the tumor, show the organs nearby, determining the stage of cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. | * CT scans are used to determine the location of the tumor, show the organs nearby, determining the stage of cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. | ||
* Spiral multi phasic contrast-enhanced CT is recommended. | * Spiral multi phasic contrast-enhanced CT is recommended. | ||
* Sensitivity is | * Sensitivity is greater than 80 percent but it is decreased for tumors smaller than 2 cm. | ||
* With contrast, glucagonomas often enhance with iodinated contrast during the early arterial phase with washout during the portal venous imaging phase. | |||
* With contrast, glucagonomas often enhance with iodinated contrast during the early arterial phase with washout during the portal venous imaging phase. | * Liver metastases may appear isodense with the liver on a non-contrasted study. | ||
* Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis. | |||
* Liver metastases may appear isodense with the liver on a non-contrasted study. | |||
* Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis. | |||
<gallery>Image:Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen. A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas was seen. There was no evidence of metastases..jpg|A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas<ref name="pmid25029913">{{cite journal| author=Wu SL, Bai JG, Xu J, Ma QY, Wu Z| title=Necrolytic migratory erythema as the first manifestation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. | journal=World J Surg Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 12 | issue= | pages= 220 | pmid=25029913 | doi=10.1186/1477-7819-12-220 | pmc=PMC4105234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25029913 }} </ref> | <gallery>Image:Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen. A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas was seen. There was no evidence of metastases..jpg|A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas<ref name="pmid25029913">{{cite journal| author=Wu SL, Bai JG, Xu J, Ma QY, Wu Z| title=Necrolytic migratory erythema as the first manifestation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. | journal=World J Surg Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 12 | issue= | pages= 220 | pmid=25029913 | doi=10.1186/1477-7819-12-220 | pmc=PMC4105234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25029913 }} </ref> | ||
Image:NEM23.jpg|Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas<ref name="pmid25152626">{{cite journal| author=Fang S, Li S, Cai T| title=Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report with focus on skin disorders. | journal=Onco Targets Ther | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 1449-53 | pmid=25152626 | doi=10.2147/OTT.S66285 | pmc=PMC4140234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25152626 }} </ref> | Image:NEM23.jpg|Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas<ref name="pmid25152626">{{cite journal| author=Fang S, Li S, Cai T| title=Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report with focus on skin disorders. | journal=Onco Targets Ther | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 1449-53 | pmid=25152626 | doi=10.2147/OTT.S66285 | pmc=PMC4140234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25152626 }} </ref> |
Revision as of 18:39, 11 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Findings on abdominal CT scan suggestive of glucagonoma include a reinforced mass in the arterial phase of the enhanced CT scan. Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis.
CT
The CT scan findings associated with glucagonoma include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- CT scans are used to determine the location of the tumor, show the organs nearby, determining the stage of cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option.
- Spiral multi phasic contrast-enhanced CT is recommended.
- Sensitivity is greater than 80 percent but it is decreased for tumors smaller than 2 cm.
- With contrast, glucagonomas often enhance with iodinated contrast during the early arterial phase with washout during the portal venous imaging phase.
- Liver metastases may appear isodense with the liver on a non-contrasted study.
- Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis.
-
A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas[6]
-
Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas[7]
References
- ↑ Lv WF, Han JK, Liu X, Wang SC, Pan BO, Xu AO (2015). "Imaging features of glucagonoma syndrome: A case report and review of the literature". Oncol Lett. 9 (4): 1579–1582. doi:10.3892/ol.2015.2930. PMC 4356379. PMID 25789004.
- ↑ Khashab MA, Yong E, Lennon AM, Shin EJ, Amateau S, Hruban RH; et al. (2011). "EUS is still superior to multidetector computerized tomography for detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors". Gastrointest Endosc. 73 (4): 691–6. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.030. PMID 21067742.
- ↑ Paulson EK, McDermott VG, Keogan MT, DeLong DM, Frederick MG, Nelson RC (1998). "Carcinoid metastases to the liver: role of triple-phase helical CT". Radiology. 206 (1): 143–50. doi:10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423664. PMID 9423664.
- ↑ Legmann P, Vignaux O, Dousset B, Baraza AJ, Palazzo L, Dumontier I; et al. (1998). "Pancreatic tumors: comparison of dual-phase helical CT and endoscopic sonography". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170 (5): 1315–22. doi:10.2214/ajr.170.5.9574609. PMID 9574609.
- ↑ Wang SC, Parekh JR, Zuraek MB, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Warren RS; et al. (2010). "Identification of unknown primary tumors in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases". Arch Surg. 145 (3): 276–80. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.10. PMID 20231629.
- ↑ Wu SL, Bai JG, Xu J, Ma QY, Wu Z (2014). "Necrolytic migratory erythema as the first manifestation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor". World J Surg Oncol. 12: 220. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-12-220. PMC 4105234. PMID 25029913.
- ↑ Fang S, Li S, Cai T (2014). "Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report with focus on skin disorders". Onco Targets Ther. 7: 1449–53. doi:10.2147/OTT.S66285. PMC 4140234. PMID 25152626.