Differentiating Osteoporosis from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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==Differentiating osteoporosis from other diseases== | ==Differentiating osteoporosis from other diseases== | ||
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* '''[[Idiopathic]] transient osteoporosis of [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]]''': primarily, it is thought to be seen most often in women during the [[third trimester]] of [[pregnancy]]; but it described also in middle aged men. Acute [[hip]] pain is the main characteristic of the [[disease]]; totally, self-limited after 6-8 months. Sometimes it may be explained as early or benign [[avascular necrosis]] (AVN). Sub-chondoral cortical loss and diffuse [[osteopenia]] of the [[femoral]] head and neck are the [[pathognomonic]] features. Treatment includes joint protection, limited weight bearing, and [[NSAID]]s. <ref name="pmid12812240">{{cite journal| author=Balakrishnan A, Schemitsch EH, Pearce D, McKee MD| title=Distinguishing transient osteoporosis of the hip from avascular necrosis. | journal=Can J Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 46 | issue= 3 | pages= 187-92 | pmid=12812240 | doi= | pmc=3211740 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12812240 }} </ref> | * '''[[Idiopathic]] transient osteoporosis of [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]]''': primarily, it is thought to be seen most often in women during the [[third trimester]] of [[pregnancy]]; but it described also in middle aged men. Acute [[hip]] pain is the main characteristic of the [[disease]]; totally, self-limited after 6-8 months. Sometimes it may be explained as early or benign [[avascular necrosis]] (AVN). Sub-chondoral cortical loss and diffuse [[osteopenia]] of the [[femoral]] head and neck are the [[pathognomonic]] features. Treatment includes joint protection, limited weight bearing, and [[NSAID]]s. <ref name="pmid12812240">{{cite journal| author=Balakrishnan A, Schemitsch EH, Pearce D, McKee MD| title=Distinguishing transient osteoporosis of the hip from avascular necrosis. | journal=Can J Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 46 | issue= 3 | pages= 187-92 | pmid=12812240 | doi= | pmc=3211740 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12812240 }} </ref> | ||
* '''[[Osteomalacia]]''': inability to mineralize the new formed [[bone]] matrix, which is caused by deficiency of [[vitamin D]] in adults. It is kind of low-turnover [[bone]] disease, in which [[osteoblasts]] are always scant. Diffuse [[bone]] pain, fatigue, and [[fractures]] are the common symptoms. It also can progress to [[osteoporosis]].<ref name="pmid27746441">{{cite journal| author=Hiramatsu R, Ubara Y, Sawa N, Hasegawa E, Kawada M, Imafuku A et al.| title=Bone Histology of Two Cases with Osteomalacia Related to Low-dose Adefovir. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 55 | issue= 20 | pages= 3013-3019 | pmid=27746441 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6806 | pmc=5109571 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27746441 }} </ref> | * '''[[Osteomalacia]]''': inability to mineralize the new formed [[bone]] matrix, which is caused by deficiency of [[vitamin D]] in adults. It is kind of low-turnover [[bone]] disease, in which [[osteoblasts]] are always scant. Diffuse [[bone]] pain, fatigue, and [[fractures]] are the common symptoms. It also can progress to [[osteoporosis]].<ref name="pmid27746441">{{cite journal| author=Hiramatsu R, Ubara Y, Sawa N, Hasegawa E, Kawada M, Imafuku A et al.| title=Bone Histology of Two Cases with Osteomalacia Related to Low-dose Adefovir. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 55 | issue= 20 | pages= 3013-3019 | pmid=27746441 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6806 | pmc=5109571 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27746441 }} </ref> | ||
* '''[[Scurvy]]''': regarding the major role of [[vitamin C]] in the biosynthesis of [[collagen]], its' deficiency may lead to dysfunction of every [[collagen]] containing [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]]; such as [[bones]]. New [[bone]] formation is disturbed and the old [[bone]] becomes brittle due to lack and poor quality of [[collagen]]. Treatment is [[vitamin C]] replacement.<ref name="pmid6309911">{{cite journal| author=Chojkier M, Spanheimer R, Peterkofsky B| title=Specifically decreased collagen biosynthesis in scurvy dissociated from an effect on proline hydroxylation and correlated with body weight loss. In vitro studies in guinea pig calvarial bones. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 1983 | volume= 72 | issue= 3 | pages= 826-35 | pmid=6309911 | doi=10.1172/JCI111053 | pmc=1129247 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6309911 }} </ref> | * '''[[Scurvy]]''': regarding the major role of [[vitamin C]] in the biosynthesis of [[collagen]], its' deficiency may lead to dysfunction of every [[collagen]] containing [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]]; such as [[bones]]. New [[bone]] formation is disturbed and the old [[bone]] becomes brittle due to lack and poor quality of [[collagen]]. Treatment is [[vitamin C]] replacement.<ref name="pmid6309911">{{cite journal| author=Chojkier M, Spanheimer R, Peterkofsky B| title=Specifically decreased collagen biosynthesis in scurvy dissociated from an effect on proline hydroxylation and correlated with body weight loss. In vitro studies in guinea pig calvarial bones. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 1983 | volume= 72 | issue= 3 | pages= 826-35 | pmid=6309911 | doi=10.1172/JCI111053 | pmc=1129247 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6309911 }} </ref> | ||
* '''[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]''': defect mostly in [[collagen]] type I synthesis and also improper functioning of [[Osteoblast|osteoblasts]]. [[Short stature]], [[scoliosis]], tooth defects, hearing defects, blue [[sclera]], and propensity for [[Bone fracture|fractures]] are the main clinical features. <ref name="pmid19878741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Dijk FS, Pals G, Van Rijn RR, Nikkels PG, Cobben JM |title=Classification of Osteogenesis Imperfecta revisited |journal=Eur J Med Genet |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19878741 |doi=10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | * '''[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]''': defect mostly in [[collagen]] type I synthesis and also improper functioning of [[Osteoblast|osteoblasts]]. [[Short stature]], [[scoliosis]], tooth defects, hearing defects, blue [[sclera]], and propensity for [[Bone fracture|fractures]] are the main clinical features. <ref name="pmid19878741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Dijk FS, Pals G, Van Rijn RR, Nikkels PG, Cobben JM |title=Classification of Osteogenesis Imperfecta revisited |journal=Eur J Med Genet |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19878741 |doi=10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* '''[[Multiple myeloma]]''': is a [[malignant]] proliferation of the [[Plasma cell|plasma cells]], mostly in [[bone marrow]]. It accounts for 40% of all [[bone tumors]]. Diffuse [[bone]] pain and [[tenderness]] are common. When study the disease radiologically, osteolytic lesions could be found on the [[bones]]. The prognosis is poor. [[Chemotherapy]] is the mainstay of treatment.<ref name="pmid12780789">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=121 |issue=5 |pages=749–57 |year=2003 |pmid=12780789 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * '''[[Multiple myeloma]]''': is a [[malignant]] proliferation of the [[Plasma cell|plasma cells]], mostly in [[bone marrow]]. It accounts for 40% of all [[bone tumors]]. Diffuse [[bone]] pain and [[tenderness]] are common. When study the disease radiologically, osteolytic lesions could be found on the [[bones]]. The prognosis is poor. [[Chemotherapy]] is the mainstay of treatment.<ref name="pmid12780789">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=121 |issue=5 |pages=749–57 |year=2003 |pmid=12780789 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* '''[[Homocystinuria]]''': is an [[autosomal recessive]] inherited disorder that affects the metabolism of the [[amino acid]] [[methionine]]. [[Failure to thrive]], visual problems and musculoskeletal problems are the major presentations.<ref name="pmid324277">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grieco AJ |title=Homocystinuria: pathogenetic mechanisms |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=273 |issue=2 |pages=120–32 |year=1977 |pmid=324277 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * '''[[Homocystinuria]]''': is an [[autosomal recessive]] inherited disorder that affects the metabolism of the [[amino acid]] [[methionine]]. [[Failure to thrive]], visual problems and musculoskeletal problems are the major presentations.<ref name="pmid324277">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grieco AJ |title=Homocystinuria: pathogenetic mechanisms |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=273 |issue=2 |pages=120–32 |year=1977 |pmid=324277 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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[[Image:Transient-hip-osteoporosis.jpg|200px|center|thumb|Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of hip; note to the decreased bone density in left femur.<ref name="urlIdiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org">{{cite web |url=http://radiopaedia.org/articles/idiopathic-transient-osteoporosis-of-the-hip |title=Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]] | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:34, 2 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2],Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Osteoporosis must be differentiated from other diseases include: idiopathic transient osteoporosis of hip, osteomalacia, scurvy, osteogenesis imperfecta, multiple myeloma, homocystinuria, and hypermetabolic resorptive osteoporosis; which can all present with some similar features, too.
Differentiating osteoporosis from other diseases
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References
- ↑ Balakrishnan A, Schemitsch EH, Pearce D, McKee MD (2003). "Distinguishing transient osteoporosis of the hip from avascular necrosis". Can J Surg. 46 (3): 187–92. PMC 3211740. PMID 12812240.
- ↑ Hiramatsu R, Ubara Y, Sawa N, Hasegawa E, Kawada M, Imafuku A; et al. (2016). "Bone Histology of Two Cases with Osteomalacia Related to Low-dose Adefovir". Intern Med. 55 (20): 3013–3019. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6806. PMC 5109571. PMID 27746441.
- ↑ Chojkier M, Spanheimer R, Peterkofsky B (1983). "Specifically decreased collagen biosynthesis in scurvy dissociated from an effect on proline hydroxylation and correlated with body weight loss. In vitro studies in guinea pig calvarial bones". J Clin Invest. 72 (3): 826–35. doi:10.1172/JCI111053. PMC 1129247. PMID 6309911.
- ↑ Van Dijk FS, Pals G, Van Rijn RR, Nikkels PG, Cobben JM (2010). "Classification of Osteogenesis Imperfecta revisited". Eur J Med Genet. 53 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.10.007. PMID 19878741.
- ↑ "Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group". Br. J. Haematol. 121 (5): 749–57. 2003. PMID 12780789.
- ↑ Grieco AJ (1977). "Homocystinuria: pathogenetic mechanisms". Am. J. Med. Sci. 273 (2): 120–32. PMID 324277.
- ↑ "Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".