Protein energy malnutrition causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Protein energy malnutrition is caused by: | Protein energy malnutrition is caused by:<ref name="pmid15664232">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sachs JD, McArthur JW |title=The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals |journal=Lancet |volume=365 |issue=9456 |pages=347–53 |year=2005 |pmid=15664232 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17791-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14568749">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Waal A, Whiteside A |title=New variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa |journal=Lancet |volume=362 |issue=9391 |pages=1234–7 |year=2003 |pmid=14568749 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14548-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15541455">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salama P, Spiegel P, Talley L, Waldman R |title=Lessons learned from complex emergencies over past decade |journal=Lancet |volume=364 |issue=9447 |pages=1801–13 |year=2004 |pmid=15541455 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17405-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15555671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Young H, Borrel A, Holland D, Salama P |title=Public nutrition in complex emergencies |journal=Lancet |volume=364 |issue=9448 |pages=1899–909 |year=2004 |pmid=15555671 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17447-3 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Economic and social factors | *Economic and social factors | ||
**Extreme poverty causes unhygienic living conditions | **Extreme poverty causes unhygienic living conditions | ||
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**Maternal undernutrition | **Maternal undernutrition | ||
**Infectious diseases such as measles and diarrhea | **Infectious diseases such as measles and diarrhea | ||
*Level of education and sanitation | |||
*Season and climate conditions | |||
*Cultural and religious food customs | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 4 August 2017
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Protein energy malnutrition causes On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Protein energy malnutrition may be caused reduced breast feeding and poor weaning practices, limited availability of food and very little child care in cases of extreme poverty. This classically affects several poor people in regions of poor social and economic background. Other environmental causes such as infections, drought and earthquakes leading to decreased availability of food have also been identified.
Causes
Protein energy malnutrition is caused by:[1][2][3][4]
- Economic and social factors
- Extreme poverty causes unhygienic living conditions
- Limited availability of food due to floods and earthquake
- Reduced breast feeding and poor weaning practices
- Environmental factors
- Infections such as diarrhea
- Scarcity of food due to floods, earthquakes and poor agricultural practices
- Age
- Increased nutritional requirements for growth
- Biological factors
- Maternal undernutrition
- Infectious diseases such as measles and diarrhea
- Level of education and sanitation
- Season and climate conditions
- Cultural and religious food customs
References
- ↑ Sachs JD, McArthur JW (2005). "The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals". Lancet. 365 (9456): 347–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17791-5. PMID 15664232.
- ↑ de Waal A, Whiteside A (2003). "New variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa". Lancet. 362 (9391): 1234–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14548-5. PMID 14568749.
- ↑ Salama P, Spiegel P, Talley L, Waldman R (2004). "Lessons learned from complex emergencies over past decade". Lancet. 364 (9447): 1801–13. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17405-9. PMID 15541455.
- ↑ Young H, Borrel A, Holland D, Salama P (2004). "Public nutrition in complex emergencies". Lancet. 364 (9448): 1899–909. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17447-3. PMID 15555671.