|
|
| Line 55: |
Line 55: |
| * 7 to 13 mEq/L (7 to 13 mmol/L) | | * 7 to 13 mEq/L (7 to 13 mmol/L) |
| | | | | |
| * Increased | | * Increased (>10 mEq/L required for diagnosis) |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Osmolar gap | | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Osmolar gap |
| Line 87: |
Line 87: |
| * N/A | | * N/A |
| |- | | |- |
| | |Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels |
| | | | | |
| | * N/A |
| | | | | |
| | * To assess renal function |
| | | | | |
| | * 7-20 mg/dl |
| | * 0.8-1.2mg/dl |
| | | | | |
| | * Increased (Dehydration and decreased renal perfusion) |
| | |- |
| | |Complete blood count (with differential) |
| | | | | |
| |}
| | * N/A |
| | | | |
| ==== Suggested Laboratory Evaluation for Persons with Diabetic Ketoacidosis ====
| | * Assess infection |
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * To rule out pancreatitis |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |TEST
| | | |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |COMMENTS
| | | |
| |- | | * Increased |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |HbA1C
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |To determine level of glycemic control in persons with diabetes mellitus
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Anion gap (electrolytes)
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Usually greater than 15 mEq per L (15 mmol per L)
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Arterial blood gas measurement
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Below 7.3
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Arterial blood gas measurement is the most widely recommended test for determining pH, but measurement of venous blood gas has gained acceptance
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Usually elevated because of dehydration and decreased renal perfusion
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Complete blood count (with differential)
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |May be elevated in persons with DKA, but without pancreatitis
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Diagnosis of pancreatitis should be based on clinical judgment and imaging
| |
| |- | |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Electrocardiography | |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Assesses effect of potassium status; rules out ischemia or myocardial infarction
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Serum bicarbonate level
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Less than 18 mEq per L (18 mmol per L)
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Laboratory Findings
| LAB
|
FORMULA/ VARIABLE
|
PURPOSE
|
NORMAL VALUE
|
VALUE IN DKA
|
| Arterial blood gas
|
|
- Evaluation of acid-base status of the body
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Decreased secondary to hyperventilation as a compensation to metabolic acidosis
|
|
|
|
- Within normal range unless there is concomitant respiratory infection e.g. pneumonia leading to hypoxia)
|
| Anion gap
|
|
- Evaluation of acid base disorders
|
- 7 to 13 mEq/L (7 to 13 mmol/L)
|
- Increased (>10 mEq/L required for diagnosis)
|
| Osmolar gap
|
- Osmolality (measured) – osmolality (calculated)
|
- Difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality
|
|
|
| Serum osmolality
|
- 2(Na + K) + (glucose/18) + (blood urea nitrogen/2.8)
|
- Measure of particles in a fluid compartment
|
- 285 to 295 mOsm/kg (285 to 295 mmol/kg) of water
|
|
| Serum sodium correction
|
- Na + 0.016(glucose – 100)
|
- Hyperglycemia causes pseudohyponatremia
|
- 135 to 140 mEq per L (135 to 140 mmol per L)
|
|
| Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels
|
|
|
|
- Increased (Dehydration and decreased renal perfusion)
|
| Complete blood count (with differential)
|
|
- Assess infection
- To rule out pancreatitis
|
|
|
References
Template:WH
Template:WS