Protein energy malnutrition other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO based on Mid upper arm circumference into moderate and severe malnutrition. Other parameters include the Z-score which assesses linear growth and weight for length. | There are several [[Parameter|parameters]] that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. [[Malnutrition]] can be assessed according to the [[WHO]] based on Mid upper arm circumference into moderate and severe malnutrition. Other parameters include the [[Z-score]] which assesses linear growth and [[weight]] for [[length]]. | ||
==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO as follows:<ref name="pmid25805273">{{cite journal| author=Grellety E, Krause LK, Shams Eldin M, Porten K, Isanaka S| title=Comparison of weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in a therapeutic feeding programme in South Sudan: is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality? | journal=Public Health Nutr | year= 2015 | volume= 18 | issue= 14 | pages= 2575-81 | pmid=25805273 | doi=10.1017/S1368980015000737 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25805273 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12765671">{{cite journal| author=Powell-Tuck J, Hennessy EM| title=A comparison of mid upper arm circumference, body mass index and weight loss as indices of undernutrition in acutely hospitalized patients. | journal=Clin Nutr | year= 2003 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-12 | pmid=12765671 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12765671 }} </ref> | There are several [[Parameter|parameters]] that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. [[Malnutrition]] can be assessed according to the [[WHO]] as follows:<ref name="pmid25805273">{{cite journal| author=Grellety E, Krause LK, Shams Eldin M, Porten K, Isanaka S| title=Comparison of weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in a therapeutic feeding programme in South Sudan: is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality? | journal=Public Health Nutr | year= 2015 | volume= 18 | issue= 14 | pages= 2575-81 | pmid=25805273 | doi=10.1017/S1368980015000737 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25805273 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12765671">{{cite journal| author=Powell-Tuck J, Hennessy EM| title=A comparison of mid upper arm circumference, body mass index and weight loss as indices of undernutrition in acutely hospitalized patients. | journal=Clin Nutr | year= 2003 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-12 | pmid=12765671 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12765671 }} </ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!Severe malnutrition | !Severe malnutrition | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Wasting | |[[Wasting]] | ||
|Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) | |Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) | ||
|11.5 to 12.4 cm | |11.5 to 12.4 cm | ||
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|<–3 | |<–3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kwashiorkor | |[[Kwashiorkor]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Absent | |Absent | ||
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When time, money and experienced/ skilled personnel is in shortage such in times of flood and refugee camps, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an accurate and efficient way to screen for malnutrition | When time, money and experienced/ skilled personnel is in shortage such in times of flood and refugee camps, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an accurate and efficient way to screen for malnutrition | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Z scores''': The severity of wasting or stunting is defined by comparing a child's weight and height measurements with those of a population reference standard. | <nowiki>*</nowiki>'''[[Z score|Z scores]]''': The severity of [[wasting]] or [[Stunted growth|stunting]] is defined by comparing a child's [[weight]] and [[height]] measurements with those of a population reference standard. | ||
Assessment of Linear Growth | Assessment of Linear Growth | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score >-2''' | |'''Z-score >-2''' | ||
|No stunting | |No [[Stunted growth|stunting]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2''' | |'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2''' | ||
|Moderate stunting | |Moderate [[Stunted growth|stunting]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score <=-3''' | |'''Z-score <=-3''' | ||
|Severe stunting | |Severe [[Stunted growth|stunting]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Assessment of Weight for Length | Assessment of Weight for Length | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score >-2''' | |'''Z-score >-2''' | ||
|No wasting | |No [[wasting]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2''' | |'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2''' | ||
|Moderate wasting | |Moderate [[wasting]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Z-score <=-3''' | |'''Z-score <=-3''' | ||
|Severe wasting | |Severe [[wasting]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 9 August 2017
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Protein energy malnutrition Microchapters |
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Differentiating Protein energy malnutrition from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO based on Mid upper arm circumference into moderate and severe malnutrition. Other parameters include the Z-score which assesses linear growth and weight for length.
Other Diagnostic Studies
There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO as follows:[1][2]
| Clinical term | Clinical measure | Classification | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate malnutrition | Severe malnutrition | ||
| Wasting | Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) | 11.5 to 12.4 cm | <11.5 cm |
| Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) | –2 to –3 | <–3 | |
| Kwashiorkor | Absent | Present | |
*Mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC):
When time, money and experienced/ skilled personnel is in shortage such in times of flood and refugee camps, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an accurate and efficient way to screen for malnutrition
*Z scores: The severity of wasting or stunting is defined by comparing a child's weight and height measurements with those of a population reference standard.
Assessment of Linear Growth
| Z-score | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Z-score >-2 | No stunting |
| Z-score >-3 and <=-2 | Moderate stunting |
| Z-score <=-3 | Severe stunting |
Assessment of Weight for Length
| Z-score | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Z-score >-2 | No wasting |
| Z-score >-3 and <=-2 | Moderate wasting |
| Z-score <=-3 | Severe wasting |
References
- ↑ Grellety E, Krause LK, Shams Eldin M, Porten K, Isanaka S (2015). "Comparison of weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in a therapeutic feeding programme in South Sudan: is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality?". Public Health Nutr. 18 (14): 2575–81. doi:10.1017/S1368980015000737. PMID 25805273.
- ↑ Powell-Tuck J, Hennessy EM (2003). "A comparison of mid upper arm circumference, body mass index and weight loss as indices of undernutrition in acutely hospitalized patients". Clin Nutr. 22 (3): 307–12. PMID 12765671.