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== Overview ==
== Overview ==


== Common Risk Factors ==
== Common Risk Factors ==
Risk factors associated with ischemic colitis listed below:<ref name="pmid25559486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ |title=ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=18–44; quiz 45 |year=2015 |pmid=25559486 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.395 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17919313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J |title=Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2008 |pmid=17919313 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F |title=Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=2013 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18572356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR |title=Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair |journal=J. Vasc. Surg. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=272–7 |year=2008 |pmid=18572356 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1844392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM |title=Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery |journal=Surgery |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=1991 |pmid=1844392 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J |title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=623–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10917470 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10625237">{{cite journal |vauthors=John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD |title=Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients |journal=J. Am. Coll. Surg. |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=84–8 |year=2000 |pmid=10625237 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE |title=Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=907–11 |year=2008 |pmid=18524690 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 |url=}}</ref>
Common risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid25559486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ |title=ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=18–44; quiz 45 |year=2015 |pmid=25559486 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.395 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17919313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J |title=Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2008 |pmid=17919313 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F |title=Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=2013 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18572356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR |title=Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair |journal=J. Vasc. Surg. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=272–7 |year=2008 |pmid=18572356 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1844392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM |title=Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery |journal=Surgery |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=1991 |pmid=1844392 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J |title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=623–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10917470 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10625237">{{cite journal |vauthors=John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD |title=Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients |journal=J. Am. Coll. Surg. |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=84–8 |year=2000 |pmid=10625237 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE |title=Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=907–11 |year=2008 |pmid=18524690 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 |url=}}</ref>


===Cardiovascular and pulmonary===
===Cardiovascular and pulmonary===
Line 42: Line 41:
** Endovascular therapies  
** Endovascular therapies  
** Aortic catheterization  
** Aortic catheterization  
* Cardiovascular surgery
* Cardiovascular surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass  
** Cardiopulmonary bypass  
 
 
 


== Less Common Risk Factors ==
Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18521673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC |title=Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1422–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18521673 |doi=10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2 |url=}}</ref>
* Renal disease
* Extreme exercise
* Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation
* Ileostomy
* Ileostomy
* Laparoscopy
* Laparoscopy
* Prior colon carcinoma
* Prior colon carcinoma


Drugs:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21029350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN |title=Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients |journal=Pain Med |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1619–27 |year=2010 |pmid=21029350 |pmc=2972369 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15180742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappell MS |title=Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1175–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15180742 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23535814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED |title=Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=537–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23535814 |doi=10.1345/aph.1R526 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22482921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N |title=High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2012 |pmid=22482921 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25908180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vernay J |title=Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report |journal=Presse Med |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=538–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25908180 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25881718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonseka GR, Kurchin A |title=Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis |journal=Headache |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1008–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25881718 |doi=10.1111/head.12543 |url=}}</ref>
===Drugs===
Medication that can cause ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21029350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN |title=Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients |journal=Pain Med |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1619–27 |year=2010 |pmid=21029350 |pmc=2972369 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15180742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappell MS |title=Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1175–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15180742 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23535814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED |title=Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=537–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23535814 |doi=10.1345/aph.1R526 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22482921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N |title=High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2012 |pmid=22482921 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25908180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vernay J |title=Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report |journal=Presse Med |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=538–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25908180 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25881718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonseka GR, Kurchin A |title=Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis |journal=Headache |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1008–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25881718 |doi=10.1111/head.12543 |url=}}</ref>


Alosetron
Alosetron
Line 69: Line 70:
Quetiapine
Quetiapine
Rizatriptan
Rizatriptan
== Less Common Risk Factors ==
Renal disease <ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref>
Extreme exercise
Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation<ref name="pmid18521673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC |title=Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1422–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18521673 |doi=10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2 |url=}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 17:52, 9 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]

Overview

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6][7][8][9]

Cardiovascular and pulmonary

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Cerebrovascular disease
  • Congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Hypertension
  • Hypotension
  • Ischemic heart disease
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Shock

Gastrointestinal

  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Irritable bowel syndrome

Miscellaneous

  • Diabetes
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Systemic rheumatologic disorders
  • Hemodialysis
  • Thrombophilia including factor V Leiden mutation, deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III.

Surgical history

  • Abdominal surgery
  • Aortic surgery
    • Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, particularly ruptured aneurysm forms
    • Endovascular therapies
    • Aortic catheterization
  • Cardiovascular surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are:[3][10]

  • Renal disease
  • Extreme exercise
  • Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation
  • Ileostomy
  • Laparoscopy
  • Prior colon carcinoma

Drugs

Medication that can cause ischemic colitis are:[3][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Alosetron Digitalis Diuretics Cocaine Estrogens Danazol NSAIDs Tegaserod Vasoactive substances Paclitaxel and carboplatin Sumatriptan Antipsychotics Simvastatin Quetiapine Rizatriptan

References

  1. ↑ Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ (2015). "ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI)". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 110 (1): 18–44, quiz 45. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.395. PMID 25559486.
  2. ↑ Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J (2008). "Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x. PMID 17919313.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Longstreth GF, Yao JF (2010). "Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006. PMID 19765672.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F (2013). "Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management". J Visc Surg. 150 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002.
  5. ↑ Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR (2008). "Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair". J. Vasc. Surg. 48 (2): 272–7. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040. PMID 18572356.
  6. ↑ Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM (1991). "Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery". Surgery. 109 (4): 447–54. PMID 1844392.
  7. ↑ Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J (2000). "Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass". Am Surg. 66 (7): 623–6. PMID 10917470.
  8. ↑ John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD (2000). "Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients". J. Am. Coll. Surg. 190 (1): 84–8. PMID 10625237.
  9. ↑ Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE (2008). "Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6 (8): 907–11. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010. PMID 18524690.
  10. ↑ Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC (2008). "Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case". Dis. Colon Rectum. 51 (9): 1422–4. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2. PMID 18521673.
  11. ↑ Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN (2010). "Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients". Pain Med. 11 (11): 1619–27. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x. PMC 2972369. PMID 21029350.
  12. ↑ Cappell MS (2004). "Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (6): 1175–90. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x. PMID 15180742.
  13. ↑ Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED (2013). "Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature". Ann Pharmacother. 47 (4): 537–42. doi:10.1345/aph.1R526. PMID 23535814.
  14. ↑ Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N (2012). "High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study". Gastrointest. Endosc. 75 (6): 1226–32. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016. PMID 22482921.
  15. ↑ Vernay J (2015). "Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report". Presse Med. 44 (5): 538–41. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015. PMID 25908180.
  16. ↑ Fonseka GR, Kurchin A (2015). "Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis". Headache. 55 (7): 1008–9. doi:10.1111/head.12543. PMID 25881718.
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