Echinococcosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Physical examination of a patient with [[echinococcosis]] may reveal [[hypotension]], [[ | The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early [[infection]], but may be ill looking in complicated cases. Physical examination of a patient with [[echinococcosis]] may reveal [[hypotension]], [[fever]], [[jaundice]], pulmonary manifestations depending on the extend of the disease ([[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], dullness or hyperrosnance, etc.), [[pitting edema]], [[hepatomegaly]] and [[abdominal tenderness]].<ref name="pmid3362862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chakraborty R, Smouse PE |title=Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in human populations |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=3071–4 |year=1988 |pmid=3362862 |pmc=280145 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19369124">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, Devran O, Atasalihi A |title=Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases |journal=Int J Surg |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=192–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19369124 |doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.11.003 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
=== Appearance === | === Appearance === | ||
* The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection | * The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early [[infection]] | ||
* The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures [[cysts]]-numerous hyperactive [[cysts]]-pulmonary [[cysts]]-etc.) | * The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures [[cysts]]-numerous hyperactive [[cysts]]-pulmonary [[cysts]]-etc.) | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
** [[ | ** Due to [[cyst]] ruptures that can lead to: | ||
*** [[anaphylactic reaction]] | |||
*** Secondary infection | |||
* [[Tachypnea]] | * [[Tachypnea]] | ||
** In the presence of [[pulmonary]] ruptured [[cysts]] | ** In the presence of [[pulmonary]] ruptured [[cysts]] | ||
* Decreased blood oxygen saturation | |||
** In pulmonary cases | |||
=== Skin === | === Skin === | ||
| Line 38: | Line 42: | ||
* [[Hemoptysis]] | * [[Hemoptysis]] | ||
* [[Thoracic]] deformations | * [[Thoracic]] deformations | ||
* | * [[Pneumothorax]] | ||
* | ** Unequal breath sounds | ||
* | ** Hyperresonance with [[percussion]] over the [[chest wall]] | ||
** Decreased wall movement on the affected side of the chest | |||
* [[Pleural effusion]] | |||
** Dullness resonance in [[percussion]] | |||
* [[Empyema]] | |||
** [[Friction rub]] | |||
** Decreased breath sounds | |||
** [[Wheezing]] | |||
* [[Atelectasis]] | |||
** Decreased breath sounds in the region of [[atelectasis]] | |||
** Dullness resonance in [[percussion]] | |||
** Decreased chest excursion | |||
=== Heart === | |||
* [[Dyspnea]] | |||
* Chest pain | |||
*Mechanical rupture of valves | |||
**In Mitral valve prolapse as a click with late systolic murmur | |||
*[[Pericardial tamponade]] | |||
**[[Pericardial rubs|Pericardial rub]] | |||
**Quiet heart sounds | |||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* [[Hepatomegaly]] | * [[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
* [[Ascites]] | |||
** Secondary to [[nephrotic syndrome]] and [[hepatic failure]] | |||
* [[Abdominal tenderness|Tender abdomen]] | * [[Abdominal tenderness|Tender abdomen]] | ||
** Especially in [[right upper quadrant]] | |||
[[ | === Extremities === | ||
* [[Pitting edema]] | |||
** Secondary to [[nephrotic syndrome]] | |||
[[ | === Neuromuscular === | ||
* | * [[Seizure]] | ||
* | ** Due to [[Raised intracranial pressure]] | ||
* [[spinal cord compression]] | |||
** As a result of [[spinal cord]] [[infection]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 21:08, 21 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection, but may be ill looking in complicated cases. Physical examination of a patient with echinococcosis may reveal hypotension, fever, jaundice, pulmonary manifestations depending on the extend of the disease (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, dullness or hyperrosnance, etc.), pitting edema, hepatomegaly and abdominal tenderness.[1][2]
Physical Examination
Appearance
- The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection
- The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures cysts-numerous hyperactive cysts-pulmonary cysts-etc.)
Vitals
- Hypotension
- May be present if the cyst ruptures due to anaphylactic reaction
- Fever
- Due to cyst ruptures that can lead to:
- anaphylactic reaction
- Secondary infection
- Due to cyst ruptures that can lead to:
- Tachypnea
- Decreased blood oxygen saturation
- In pulmonary cases
Skin
HEENT
Lungs
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- Thoracic deformations
- Pneumothorax
- Unequal breath sounds
- Hyperresonance with percussion over the chest wall
- Decreased wall movement on the affected side of the chest
- Pleural effusion
- Dullness resonance in percussion
- Empyema
- Friction rub
- Decreased breath sounds
- Wheezing
- Atelectasis
- Decreased breath sounds in the region of atelectasis
- Dullness resonance in percussion
- Decreased chest excursion
Heart
- Dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Mechanical rupture of valves
- In Mitral valve prolapse as a click with late systolic murmur
- Pericardial tamponade
- Pericardial rub
- Quiet heart sounds
Abdomen
- Hepatomegaly
- Ascites
- Secondary to nephrotic syndrome and hepatic failure
- Tender abdomen
- Especially in right upper quadrant
Extremities
- Pitting edema
- Secondary to nephrotic syndrome
Neuromuscular
- Seizure
- Due to Raised intracranial pressure
- spinal cord compression
- As a result of spinal cord infection
References
- ↑ Chakraborty R, Smouse PE (1988). "Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in human populations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (9): 3071–4. PMC 280145. PMID 3362862.
- ↑ Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, Devran O, Atasalihi A (2009). "Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases". Int J Surg. 7 (3): 192–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.11.003. PMID 19369124.