Zollinger-Ellison syndrome classification: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Classiffication== | ==Classiffication== | ||
*Considering their origin, gastrinomas are generally classified under the larger entity such as the [[neuroendocrine tumors]] (NETs). | *Considering their origin, gastrinomas are generally classified under the larger entity such as the [[neuroendocrine tumors]] (NETs). | ||
* | *Among the [[enteroendocrine cells]] that arise from the [[embryologic]] [[endoderm]], the gastrinomas are derived mainly from the [[pancreas]], and also from the proximal [[small intestine]]. <ref name="pmid7904550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Norton JA |title=Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and duodenum |journal=Curr Probl Surg |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=77–156 |year=1994 |pmid=7904550 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*According to the World Health Organization, [[neuroendocrine tumors]] (NETs) are classified into two broad categories | *According to the [[World Health Organization]], [[neuroendocrine tumors]] (NETs) are classified into two broad categories; well differentiated, and poorly differentiated gastrinomas. On the basis of [[histopathological]] analysis, most of the [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]] are considered well-differentiated [[neuroendocrine tumors]] (NETs). It has been observed that most [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]] arise in the [[duodenum]], with tumors located in the [[pancreas]] carrying greater [[malignant]] potential. <ref name="pmid23582915">{{cite journal| author=O'Toole D, Delle Fave G, Jensen RT| title=Gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumours. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 719-35 | pmid=23582915 | doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2013.01.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23582915 }} </ref> | ||
*The WHO (2010) classified all neuroendocrine tumors, including [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]] into three grades based on the mitotic rate, or Ki-67 index: <ref name="pmid28722872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cingam S, Karanchi H |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=28722872 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *The WHO (2010) classified all neuroendocrine tumors, including [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]] into three grades based on the mitotic rate, or Ki-67 index: <ref name="pmid28722872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cingam S, Karanchi H |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=28722872 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
:*Those with a mitotic rate of < 2 and Ki-67 index of < 3% (10% to 30%) and with benign or uncertain behavior at the time of diagnosis are classified as low grade well-differentiated endocrine tumors. | :*Those with a mitotic rate of < 2 and Ki-67 index of < 3% (10% to 30%) and with benign or uncertain behavior at the time of diagnosis are classified as low grade well-differentiated endocrine tumors. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
*The following table illustrates the factors associated and the differences between Sporadic and MEN-1-associated ZES: <ref name="pmid24319020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epelboym I, Mazeh H |title=Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: classical considerations and current controversies |journal=Oncologist |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=44–50 |year=2014 |pmid=24319020 |pmc=3903066 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0369 |url=}}</ref> | *The following table illustrates the factors associated and the differences between Sporadic and MEN-1-associated ZES: <ref name="pmid24319020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epelboym I, Mazeh H |title=Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: classical considerations and current controversies |journal=Oncologist |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=44–50 |year=2014 |pmid=24319020 |pmc=3903066 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0369 |url=}}</ref> | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 110%; margin: 3px; | {| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 110%; margin: 3px;" | ||
| | | style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" colspan="3" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Sporadic and MEN-1-associated ZES'''}} | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! | ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Factors}} | ||
! | ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Sopradic ZES}} | ||
! | ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|MEN-1 ZES}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="2" | | ||
*Prevalence | *Prevalence | ||
*Family History | *Family History | ||
Revision as of 18:29, 6 September 2017
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome classification On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome classification |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
- According to the World Health Organization, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified into two broad categories namely, well differentiated and poorly differentiated. On the basis of histopathological analysis, most gastrinomas are considered well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Classiffication
- Considering their origin, gastrinomas are generally classified under the larger entity such as the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
- Among the enteroendocrine cells that arise from the embryologic endoderm, the gastrinomas are derived mainly from the pancreas, and also from the proximal small intestine. [1]
- According to the World Health Organization, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified into two broad categories; well differentiated, and poorly differentiated gastrinomas. On the basis of histopathological analysis, most of the gastrinomas are considered well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It has been observed that most gastrinomas arise in the duodenum, with tumors located in the pancreas carrying greater malignant potential. [2]
- The WHO (2010) classified all neuroendocrine tumors, including gastrinomas into three grades based on the mitotic rate, or Ki-67 index: [3]
- Those with a mitotic rate of < 2 and Ki-67 index of < 3% (10% to 30%) and with benign or uncertain behavior at the time of diagnosis are classified as low grade well-differentiated endocrine tumors.
- Those with a mitotic rate of 2 to 20 and Ki-67 index of 3% to 20% (50% to 80%) and with low-grade malignant behavior are classified as well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas
- Those with a mitotic rate of > 20 and Ki-67 index of > 20% (1% to 3%) and with high-grade malignant behavior are classified as high grade, poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas
- The following table illustrates the factors associated and the differences between Sporadic and MEN-1-associated ZES: [4]
| Sporadic and MEN-1-associated ZES | ||
| Factors | Sopradic ZES | MEN-1 ZES |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
References
- ↑ Norton JA (1994). "Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and duodenum". Curr Probl Surg. 31 (2): 77–156. PMID 7904550.
- ↑ O'Toole D, Delle Fave G, Jensen RT (2012). "Gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumours". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 26 (6): 719–35. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.01.002. PMID 23582915.
- ↑ Cingam S, Karanchi H. PMID 28722872. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Epelboym I, Mazeh H (2014). "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: classical considerations and current controversies". Oncologist. 19 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0369. PMC 3903066. PMID 24319020.