Hypopituitarism causes: Difference between revisions
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!Phenotype | !Phenotype | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !GH1 | ||
! | !AR, AD | ||
!Isolated GH deficiency | !Isolated GH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |GHRHR | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Isolated GH deficiency | |Isolated GH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TSHB | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Isolated TSH deficiency | |Isolated TSH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TRHR | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Isolated TSH deficiency | |Isolated TSH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TPIT | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Isolated ACTH deficiency | |Isolated ACTH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |GnRHR | ||
| | |AR | ||
|HH | |HH | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |PC1 | ||
| | |AR | ||
|ACTH deficiency, hypoglycemia, HH, obesity | |ACTH deficiency, hypoglycemia, HH, obesity | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |POMC | ||
| | |AR | ||
|ACTH deficiency, obesity, red hair | |ACTH deficiency, obesity, red hair | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DAX1 | ||
| | |XL | ||
|Adrenal hypoplasia congenital and HH | |Adrenal hypoplasia congenital and HH | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |CRH | ||
| | |AR | ||
|CRH deficiency | |CRH deficiency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KAL1 | ||
| | |XL | ||
|Kallman syndrome, renal agenesis, synkinesia | |Kallman syndrome, renal agenesis, synkinesia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |FGFR1 | ||
| | |AD, AR | ||
|Kallman syndrome, cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphism | |Kallman syndrome, cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphism | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Leptin | ||
| | |AR | ||
|HH, obesity | |HH, obesity | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Leptin-R | ||
| | |AR | ||
|HH, obesity | |HH, obesity | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |GPR54 | ||
| | |AR | ||
|HH | |HH | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Kisspeptin | ||
| | |AR | ||
|HH | |HH | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |FSHB | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Primary amenorrhea, defective spermatogenesis | |Primary amenorrhea, defective spermatogenesis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |LHB | ||
| | |AR | ||
|Delayed puberty | |Delayed puberty | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |PROK2 | ||
| | |AD | ||
|Kallman syndrome, severe sleep disorder, obesity | |Kallman syndrome, severe sleep disorder, obesity | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |PROKR2 | ||
| | |AD, AR | ||
|Kallman syndrome | |Kallman syndrome | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''AVP-NPII'' | ||
| | |AR, AD | ||
|Diabetes insipidus | |Diabetes insipidus | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Combined pituitary hormone deficiency | ! rowspan="2" |Combined pituitary hormone deficiency | ||
| | |''POU1F1'' | ||
| | |AR, AD | ||
|GH, TSH and prolactin deficiencies | |GH, TSH and prolactin deficiencies | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''PROP1'' | ||
| | |AR | ||
|GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin, and evolving ACTH deficiencies | |GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin, and evolving ACTH deficiencies | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="8" |Specific syndromes | ! rowspan="8" |Specific syndromes | ||
| | |HESX1 | ||
| | |AR, AD | ||
|Septo-optic dysplasia | |Septo-optic dysplasia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |LHX3 | ||
| | |AR | ||
|GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin deficiencies, limited neck rotation | |GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin deficiencies, limited neck rotation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |LHX4 | ||
| | |AD | ||
|GH, TSH, ACTH deficiencies with cerebellar abnormalities | |GH, TSH, ACTH deficiencies with cerebellar abnormalities | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SOX3 | ||
| | |XL | ||
|Hypopituitarism and mental retardation | |Hypopituitarism and mental retardation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''GLI2'' | ||
| | |AD | ||
|Holoprosencephaly and multiple midline defects | |Holoprosencephaly and multiple midline defects | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SOX2 | ||
| | |AD | ||
|Anophthalmia, hypopituitarism, oesophageal atresia | |Anophthalmia, hypopituitarism, oesophageal atresia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''GLI3'' | ||
| | |AD | ||
|Pallister-Hall syndrome | |Pallister-Hall syndrome | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |''PITX2'' | ||
| | |AD | ||
|Rieger syndrome | |Rieger syndrome | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 13:41, 31 August 2017
|
Hypopituitarism Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Hypopituitarism causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypopituitarism causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopituitarism causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Cause
Common Causes
Hypopituitarism and panhypopituitarism can be congenital or acquired. A partial list of causes and forms:[1][2][3]
- Congenital hypopituitarism
- Hypoplasia of the pituitary
- Isolated idiopathic congenital hypopituitarism
- Associated with other congenital syndromes and birth defects
- Septo-optic dysplasia
- Holoprosencephaly
- Chromosome 22 deletion syndrome
- Rapaport syndrome
- Single gene defect forms of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency
- Hypoplasia of the pituitary
- Acquired hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease)
- Trauma (e.g., skull base fracture)
- Surgery (e.g., removal of pituitary neoplasm)
- Tumor - secretory and non-secretory (20%) pituitary or hypothalamic neoplasms, cause hypopituitarism by compressing the remaining tissue
- Inflammation (e.g. sarcoidosis or autoimmune hypophysitis)
- Radiation (e.g., after cranial irradiation for childhood leukemia)
- Shock
- (Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism after heavy bleeding in childbirth)
- Hemochromatosis
- other diseases.
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Changes in body weight
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Emotional disorders
- Empty Sella Syndrome
- Habitual exercise
- Head Trauma
- Hemochromatosis
- Infection
- Fungal
- Malaria
- Meningitis
- Syphillis
- Tuberculosis
- Ischemic nerosis of the pituitary
- Anticoagulant therapy
- Arteriosclerosis
- Arteritis temporalis
- Blood dyscrasias
- Brain Trauma
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Eclampsia
- Increased cranial pressure
- Sheehan's Syndrome
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Tumor
- Iatrogenic
- Parasellar tumor/pituitary compression
- Craniopharyngioma
- Chromophobe adenoma
- Intracranial cartoid branch aneurysm
- Lymphoma
- Meningioma
- Metasteses
- Optic nerve neuroma
|
Hypopituitarism Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hypopituitarism causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypopituitarism causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopituitarism causes |
| Hypothalmic | Mass lesions
|
|---|---|
| Radiation : CNS and nasopharyngeal malignancies | |
| Infections: Tuberculous meningitis | |
Infiltrative lesions:
| |
Other :
| |
| Pituitary | Mass lesions:
|
| Pituitary radiation | |
| Pituitary surgery | |
| Infection/abscess | |
Infiltrative lesions:
2. Hemochromatosis | |
| Infarction: Sheehan syndrome | |
| Apoplexy | |
| Empty sella | |
| Genetic mutations |
| Isolated
hormone abnormalities |
Gene | Inheritance | Phenotype |
|---|---|---|---|
| GH1 | AR, AD | Isolated GH deficiency | |
| GHRHR | AR | Isolated GH deficiency | |
| TSHB | AR | Isolated TSH deficiency | |
| TRHR | AR | Isolated TSH deficiency | |
| TPIT | AR | Isolated ACTH deficiency | |
| GnRHR | AR | HH | |
| PC1 | AR | ACTH deficiency, hypoglycemia, HH, obesity | |
| POMC | AR | ACTH deficiency, obesity, red hair | |
| DAX1 | XL | Adrenal hypoplasia congenital and HH | |
| CRH | AR | CRH deficiency | |
| KAL1 | XL | Kallman syndrome, renal agenesis, synkinesia | |
| FGFR1 | AD, AR | Kallman syndrome, cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphism | |
| Leptin | AR | HH, obesity | |
| Leptin-R | AR | HH, obesity | |
| GPR54 | AR | HH | |
| Kisspeptin | AR | HH | |
| FSHB | AR | Primary amenorrhea, defective spermatogenesis | |
| LHB | AR | Delayed puberty | |
| PROK2 | AD | Kallman syndrome, severe sleep disorder, obesity | |
| PROKR2 | AD, AR | Kallman syndrome | |
| AVP-NPII | AR, AD | Diabetes insipidus | |
| Combined pituitary hormone deficiency | POU1F1 | AR, AD | GH, TSH and prolactin deficiencies |
| PROP1 | AR | GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin, and evolving ACTH deficiencies | |
| Specific syndromes | HESX1 | AR, AD | Septo-optic dysplasia |
| LHX3 | AR | GH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin deficiencies, limited neck rotation | |
| LHX4 | AD | GH, TSH, ACTH deficiencies with cerebellar abnormalities | |
| SOX3 | XL | Hypopituitarism and mental retardation | |
| GLI2 | AD | Holoprosencephaly and multiple midline defects | |
| SOX2 | AD | Anophthalmia, hypopituitarism, oesophageal atresia | |
| GLI3 | AD | Pallister-Hall syndrome | |
| PITX2 | AD | Rieger syndrome |
References
- ↑ Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E (2007). "Hypopituitarism". Lancet. 369 (9571): 1461–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4. PMID 17467517.
- ↑ van Aken MO, Lamberts SW (2005). "Diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism: an update". Pituitary. 8 (3–4): 183–91. doi:10.1007/s11102-006-6039-z. PMID 16508719.
- ↑ Stieg MR, Renner U, Stalla GK, Kopczak A (2017). "Advances in understanding hypopituitarism". F1000Res. 6: 178. doi:10.12688/f1000research.9436.1. PMC 5325066. PMID 28299199.