Celiac disease historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
From beginning of [[human being]] life on the earth, he met his [[nutritional]] demands through hunting. Whenever the conditions became severe and there were not any hunting for a while, inevitably, he came to fruits, seeds, and nuts. About 8,000 years ago, Aretaeus, a clever Greek physician from Cappadocia, has written total of 8 books about different topics of [[medicine]]. In one of his books, he completely describe a patient with Celiac disease, called it '<nowiki/>'''''koiliakos'''''<nowiki/>'. It came from Greek word of ''''''koelia'''''<nowiki/>' ([[abdomen]]), represent as “if the [[stomach]] be irretentive of the food and if it pass through undigested and crude, and nothing ascends into the body, we call such persons coeliacs”. There have been just one [[outbreak]] of Celiac disease in Sweden, 2005. In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in [[pediatrics]], has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of [[diet]]". He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small". He also found the [[gluten-free diet]] as a relief, the symptoms relapse when [[gluten]] introduced again. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* From beginning of human being life on the earth, he met his nutritional demands through hunting. Whenever the conditions became severe and there were not any hunting for a while, inevitably, he came to fruits, seeds, and nuts.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cureceliacdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/SU07CeliacCtr.News_.pdf |title=www.cureceliacdisease.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
=== Discovery === | |||
* From beginning of [[human being]] life on the earth, he met his [[nutritional]] demands through hunting. Whenever the conditions became severe and there were not any hunting for a while, inevitably, he came to fruits, seeds, and nuts.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cureceliacdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/SU07CeliacCtr.News_.pdf |title=www.cureceliacdisease.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
* From 10,000 years ago the mankind learnt to cultivate and agriculture. He has experienced sort of foods that has not experienced for 2.5 million years.<ref name="Guandalini20082">{{cite journal|last1=Guandalini|first1=Stefano |title=Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease|year=2008|pages=1–11|doi=10.1159/000128267}}</ref> | * From 10,000 years ago the mankind learnt to cultivate and agriculture. He has experienced sort of foods that has not experienced for 2.5 million years.<ref name="Guandalini20082">{{cite journal|last1=Guandalini|first1=Stefano |title=Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease|year=2008|pages=1–11|doi=10.1159/000128267}}</ref> | ||
* The main revolution of the agriculture and cultivation was of Neolithic period, in which some new sorts of antigens have produced to human beings daily regimen, such as cow, goat, and donkey milks' proteins, along with various birds' eggs and also different cereals.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | * The main revolution of the agriculture and cultivation was of Neolithic period, in which some new sorts of [[antigens]] have produced to [[human beings]] daily regimen, such as cow, goat, and donkey milks' [[proteins]], along with various birds' eggs, and also different cereals.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | ||
* Among the products of agriculture, wheat showing a good rate of multiplication and also good resistance to harvesting, became the main food source of agriculture mankind.<ref name="Guandalini20083">{{cite journal|last1=Guandalini|first1=Stefano |title=Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease|year=2008|pages=1–11|doi=10.1159/000128267}}</ref> | * Among the products of agriculture, wheat showing a good rate of multiplication and also good resistance to harvesting, became the main food source of agriculture mankind.<ref name="Guandalini20083">{{cite journal|last1=Guandalini|first1=Stefano |title=Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease|year=2008|pages=1–11|doi=10.1159/000128267}}</ref> | ||
* There were no problems with the new regimen for a long time, till some members of the tribe faced with new problems, after eating wheat | * There were no problems with the new regimen for a long time, till some members of the tribe faced with new problems, after eating [[wheat]]. | ||
* About 8,000 years ago, Aretaeus, a clever Greek physician from Cappadocia, has written total of 8 books about different topics of medicine. In one of his books, he completely describe a patient with Celiac disease, called it '<nowiki/>'''''koiliakos'''''<nowiki/>'. It came from Greek word of ''''''koelia'''''<nowiki/>' (abdomen), represent as “if the stomach be irretentive of the food and if it pass through undigested and crude, and nothing ascends into the body, we call such persons coeliacs”.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | * About 8,000 years ago, Aretaeus, a clever Greek physician from Cappadocia, has written total of 8 books about different topics of [[medicine]]. In one of his books, he completely describe a patient with Celiac disease, called it '<nowiki/>'''''koiliakos'''''<nowiki/>'. It came from Greek word of ''''''koelia'''''<nowiki/>' ([[abdomen]]), represent as “if the [[stomach]] be irretentive of the food and if it pass through undigested and crude, and nothing ascends into the body, we call such persons coeliacs”.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | ||
* 17 centuries later, in early 19th century, Mathew Baillie, an Scottish physician, probably unaware of Aretaeus, presented his point of view about some adult patients experiencing malnutrition and bloating abdomen along with chronic diarrhea due to specific regimen, “some patients have appeared to derive considerable advantage from living almost entirely upon rice". Unfortunately, his work was not considered so much.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> '''1812''' | * 17 centuries later, in early 19th century, Mathew Baillie, an Scottish physician, probably unaware of Aretaeus, presented his point of view about some adult patients experiencing [[malnutrition]] and [[bloating]] [[abdomen]] along with [[chronic diarrhea]] due to specific regimen, “some patients have appeared to derive considerable advantage from living almost entirely upon rice". Unfortunately, his work was not considered so much.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> '''1812''' | ||
* In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in pediatrics, has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of diet".<ref name="pmid4595183">{{cite journal| author=Dowd B, Walker-Smith J| title=Samuel Gee, Aretaeus, and the coeliac affection. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1974 | volume= 2 | issue= 5909 | pages= 45-7 | pmid=4595183 | doi= | pmc=1610148 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4595183 }}</ref> He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small".<ref name="pmid18431060">{{cite journal |vauthors=Losowsky MS |title=A history of coeliac disease |journal=Dig Dis |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=112–20 |year=2008 |pmid=18431060 |doi=10.1159/000116768 |url=}}</ref> He also found the gluten-free diet as a relief, the symptoms relapse when gluten introduced again.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | * In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in pediatrics, has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of diet".<ref name="pmid4595183">{{cite journal| author=Dowd B, Walker-Smith J| title=Samuel Gee, Aretaeus, and the coeliac affection. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1974 | volume= 2 | issue= 5909 | pages= 45-7 | pmid=4595183 | doi= | pmc=1610148 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4595183 }}</ref> He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small".<ref name="pmid18431060">{{cite journal |vauthors=Losowsky MS |title=A history of coeliac disease |journal=Dig Dis |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=112–20 |year=2008 |pmid=18431060 |doi=10.1159/000116768 |url=}}</ref> He also found the [[gluten-free diet]] as a relief, the symptoms relapse when [[gluten]] introduced again.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | ||
* In 1920s, Sidney Haas, a New York city pediatrician, used a new dietetic therapeutic option for 10 children with Celiac disease, '''''the banana diet'''; regarding his previous successful experience in treating a child with anorexia nervosa by the regimen. He presented the results as 8 of them "clinically cured" and remained 2 died.''<ref name="Haas1932">{{cite journal|last1=Haas|first1=Sidney V.|title=CELIAC DISEASE|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=99|issue=6|year=1932|pages=448|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1932.02740580016004}}</ref> | * In 1920s, Sidney Haas, a New York city [[pediatrician]], used a new [[Dietetics|dietetic]] therapeutic option for 10 children with Celiac disease, '''''the banana diet'''; regarding his previous successful experience in treating a child with [[anorexia nervosa]] by the regimen. He presented the results as 8 of them "clinically cured" and remained 2 died.''<ref name="Haas1932">{{cite journal|last1=Haas|first1=Sidney V.|title=CELIAC DISEASE|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=99|issue=6|year=1932|pages=448|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1932.02740580016004}}</ref> | ||
* In 1949, Wood, an Australian gastroenterologist, invented a simple flexible biopsy tube which can be used for GI biopsies without need to X-ray or gastroscope.<ref name="Wood1949">{{cite journal|last1=Wood|first1=I|title=GASTRIC BIOPSY REPORT ON FIFTY-FIVE BIOPSIES USING A NEW FLEXIBLE GASTRIC BIOPSY TUBE|journal=The Lancet|volume=253|issue=6540|year=1949|pages=18–21|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(49)90344-X}}</ref> | * In 1949, Wood, an Australian [[gastroenterologist]], invented a simple flexible biopsy tube which can be used for GI biopsies without need to [[X-ray]] or [[gastroscope]].<ref name="Wood1949">{{cite journal|last1=Wood|first1=I|title=GASTRIC BIOPSY REPORT ON FIFTY-FIVE BIOPSIES USING A NEW FLEXIBLE GASTRIC BIOPSY TUBE|journal=The Lancet|volume=253|issue=6540|year=1949|pages=18–21|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(49)90344-X}}</ref> | ||
* In 1950, Wim Dicke, a Dutch pediatrician, suggested in his doctoral thesis that elimination of wheat, rye, and oats from diet would be result in reasonable cure. He found that the pathological factor is gluten, indeed.<ref name="DickeWeijers1953">{{cite journal|last1=Dicke|first1=W. K.|last2=Weijers|first2=H. A.|last3=KAMER|first3=J. H. v. D.|title=Coeliac Disease The Presence in Wheat of a Factor Having a Deleterious Effect in Cases of Coeliac Disease|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=42|issue=1|year=1953|pages=34–42|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05563.x}}</ref> | * In 1950, Wim Dicke, a Dutch [[pediatrician]], suggested in his doctoral thesis that elimination of [[wheat]], rye, and [[Oat|oats]] from diet would be result in reasonable cure. He found that the pathological factor is [[gluten]], indeed.<ref name="DickeWeijers1953">{{cite journal|last1=Dicke|first1=W. K.|last2=Weijers|first2=H. A.|last3=KAMER|first3=J. H. v. D.|title=Coeliac Disease The Presence in Wheat of a Factor Having a Deleterious Effect in Cases of Coeliac Disease|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=42|issue=1|year=1953|pages=34–42|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05563.x}}</ref> | ||
* At the same time, Wim Dicke's colleagues, Weijers and Van de Kamer, presented a way to diagnosis of the Celiac disease, stool fat measurement.<ref name="KamerWeijers1953">{{cite journal|last1=Kamer|first1=J. H. Van De|last2=Weijers|first2=H. A.|last3=Dicke|first3=W. K.|title=Coeliac Disease: An Investigation into the Injurious Constituents of Wheat in Connection with their Action on Patients with Coeliac Disease|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=42|issue=3|year=1953|pages=223–231|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05586.x}}</ref> | * At the same time, Wim Dicke's colleagues, Weijers and Van de Kamer, presented a way to diagnosis of the Celiac disease, [[stool]] [[fat]] measurement.<ref name="KamerWeijers1953">{{cite journal|last1=Kamer|first1=J. H. Van De|last2=Weijers|first2=H. A.|last3=Dicke|first3=W. K.|title=Coeliac Disease: An Investigation into the Injurious Constituents of Wheat in Connection with their Action on Patients with Coeliac Disease|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=42|issue=3|year=1953|pages=223–231|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05586.x}}</ref> | ||
* In 1954, John Paulley, a pathologist from Ipswich in England, discovered the histological abnormalities in small intestine lining as the main pathophysiology of Celiac disease.<ref name="Paulley1954">{{cite journal|last1=Paulley|first1=J. W.|title=Observations on the Aetiology of Idiopathic Steatorrhoea|journal=BMJ|volume=2|issue=4900|year=1954|pages=1318–1321|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4900.1318}}</ref> | * In 1954, John Paulley, a [[pathologist]] from Ipswich in England, discovered the [[histological]] abnormalities in [[small intestine]] lining as the main [[pathophysiology]] of Celiac disease.<ref name="Paulley1954">{{cite journal|last1=Paulley|first1=J. W.|title=Observations on the Aetiology of Idiopathic Steatorrhoea|journal=BMJ|volume=2|issue=4900|year=1954|pages=1318–1321|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4900.1318}}</ref> | ||
* In 1955, Marcelo Royer, a gastroenterologist from Buenos Aires, developed a reliable technique for duodenal biopsy under fluoroscopic vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.<ref name="pmid13289533">{{cite journal |vauthors=ROYER M, CROXATTO O, BIEMPICA L, BALCAZAR MORRISON AJ |title=[Duodenal biopsy by aspiration under radioscopic control] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Prensa Med Argent |volume=42 |issue=33 |pages=2515–9 |year=1955 |pmid=13289533 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1956, Margot Shiner, a German-British gastroenterologist, also developed a reliable technique for duodenal biopsy under fluoroscopic vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.<ref name="Shiner1956">{{cite journal|last1=Shiner|first1=Margot|title=DUODENAL BIOPSY|journal=The Lancet|volume=267|issue=6906|year=1956|pages=17–19|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91854-2}}</ref> | === Diagnosis === | ||
* In 1955, Marcelo Royer, a [[gastroenterologist]] from Buenos Aires, developed a reliable technique for [[duodenal]] [[biopsy]] under [[fluoroscopic]] vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.<ref name="pmid13289533">{{cite journal |vauthors=ROYER M, CROXATTO O, BIEMPICA L, BALCAZAR MORRISON AJ |title=[Duodenal biopsy by aspiration under radioscopic control] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Prensa Med Argent |volume=42 |issue=33 |pages=2515–9 |year=1955 |pmid=13289533 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1956, Margot Shiner, a German-British [[gastroenterologist]], also developed a reliable technique for [[duodenal]] [[biopsy]] under [[fluoroscopic]] vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.<ref name="Shiner1956">{{cite journal|last1=Shiner|first1=Margot|title=DUODENAL BIOPSY|journal=The Lancet|volume=267|issue=6906|year=1956|pages=17–19|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91854-2}}</ref> | |||
* In 1986, the Coeliac society on United Kingdom was founded. Similar societies also became founded around the world. | * In 1986, the Coeliac society on United Kingdom was founded. Similar societies also became founded around the world. | ||
* In the mid to late 60’s, the main route of diagnosing the Celiac disease was assumed as jejunal biopsy, showing | * In the mid to late 60’s, the main route of diagnosing the Celiac disease was assumed as [[Jejunum|jejunal]] [[biopsy]], showing [[villus]] [[atrophy]]. But regarding that the [[atrophy]] of [[villi]] may have some other causes, the diagnosis could not be approved until it is found that the cause of [[atrophy]] is [[gluten]]. | ||
* In 1964, Berger, a Switzerland immunologist, detected and reported | * In 1964, Berger, a Switzerland [[immunologist]], detected and reported anti [[gliadin]] [[antibodies]] in Celiac children.<ref name="urlDiagnostische Bewertung des Nachweises von Gliadin-Antikörpern bei Cöliakie | SpringerLink">{{cite web |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01479129 |title=Diagnostische Bewertung des Nachweises von Gliadin-Antikörpern bei Cöliakie | SpringerLink |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* In 1969, European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology (today ESPGHAN), present the diagnostic tool of | * In 1969, European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology (today ESPGHAN), present the diagnostic tool of “'''''Interlaken criteria'''''”, which was used for about 20 years. The criteria composed of full remission of the symptoms upon being on [[gluten-free diet]], along with curing the [[atrophic]] lesions in [[GI]] lumen, and finally recurrence of the disease once the [[gluten]] start again.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | ||
* In 1971, Seah, a British doctor, found that the antibody is not necessarily an anti-food protein, but it is actually an auto-antibody, the anti-reticulins.<ref name="pmid4102529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seah PP, Fry L, Hoffbrand AV, Holborow EJ |title=Tissue antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7704 |pages=834–6 |year=1971 |pmid=4102529 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * In 1971, Seah, a British doctor, found that the [[antibody]] is not necessarily an anti-food [[protein]], but it is actually an [[Autoantibody|auto-antibody]], the anti-reticulins.<ref name="pmid4102529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seah PP, Fry L, Hoffbrand AV, Holborow EJ |title=Tissue antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7704 |pages=834–6 |year=1971 |pmid=4102529 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In 1983, Chorzelski, a dermatologist from Warsaw, discovered anti-endomysium antibodies in Celiac disease and [[dermatitis herpetiformis]].<ref name="ChorzelskiBeutner1984">{{cite journal|last1=Chorzelski|first1=T.P.|last2=Beutner|first2=E.H.|last3=Sulej|first3=J.|last4=Tchorzewska|first4=H.|last5=Jablonska|first5=S.|last6=Kumar|first6=V.|last7=Kapuscinska|first7=A.|title=IgA anti-endomysium antibody. A new immunological marker of dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=111|issue=4|year=1984|pages=395–402|issn=0007-0963|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06601.x}}</ref> | * In 1983, Chorzelski, a [[dermatologist]] from Warsaw, discovered anti-[[endomysium]] [[antibodies]] in Celiac disease and [[dermatitis herpetiformis]].<ref name="ChorzelskiBeutner1984">{{cite journal|last1=Chorzelski|first1=T.P.|last2=Beutner|first2=E.H.|last3=Sulej|first3=J.|last4=Tchorzewska|first4=H.|last5=Jablonska|first5=S.|last6=Kumar|first6=V.|last7=Kapuscinska|first7=A.|title=IgA anti-endomysium antibody. A new immunological marker of dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=111|issue=4|year=1984|pages=395–402|issn=0007-0963|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06601.x}}</ref> | ||
*The | === Treatment === | ||
* The main management guidelines are issued by [[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality]] (AHRQ, 2004)<ref name="urlCeliac Disease: Summary - AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11885/ |title=Celiac Disease: Summary - AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>, the [[American Gastroenterological Association]] (AGA, 2006)<ref name="pmid17087937">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF |title=American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=131 |issue=6 |pages=1981–2002 |year=2006 |pmid=17087937 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.004 |url=}}</ref>, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NSPGHAN, 2005)<ref name="pmid15625418">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill ID, Dirks MH, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Fasano A, Guandalini S, Hoffenberg EJ, Horvath K, Murray JA, Pivor M, Seidman EG |title=Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |year=2005 |pmid=15625418 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN, 2012)<ref name="pmid22197856">{{cite journal |vauthors=Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP |title=European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=136–60 |year=2012 |pmid=22197856 |doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0 |url=}}</ref>, and the [[National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence]] (NICE, 2015)<ref name="urlCoeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE">{{cite web |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng20 |title=Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>. | |||
==Outbreaks== | ==Outbreaks== | ||
*There have been | *There have been just one [[outbreak]] of Celiac disease in Sweden, which is summarized below:<ref name="pmid15925847">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ivarsson A |title=The Swedish epidemic of coeliac disease explored using an epidemiological approach--some lessons to be learnt |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=425–40 |year=2005 |pmid=15925847 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2005.02.005 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Regarding that the Celiac disease has some [[genetic]], [[immune]] mediated and [[chronic]] features, rarely can contributed to an [[outbreak]]. | |||
**This is quite unique for Celiac disease, suggests some evolution in causal factors or environment in Swedish children population. | |||
**It is assumed that every [[outbreaks]] can be caused by introducing large amounts of [[gluten]] contained foods to children, right after [[breast milk]]. | |||
**By the beginning of [[outbreak]] the rise in girls was more than boys. | |||
**Children that were born in summer have higher rate of Celiac disease, probably due to high [[gluten]] foods during the winter, when the [[infections]] are more common. | |||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*In [year | *In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in [[pediatrics]], has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of [[diet]]".<ref name="pmid4595183" /> He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small".<ref name="pmid18431060" /> He also found the [[gluten-free diet]] as a relief, the symptoms relapse when [[gluten]] introduced again.<ref name="urlwww.cureceliacdisease.org2" /> | ||
== | ==Famous Cases== | ||
*The following are a few famous cases of Celiac disease: | |||
** '''''Drew Brees:''''' Star quarterback for the Saints | |||
** '''''Justin Morneau:''''' Twins first baseman Justin Morneau | |||
** '''''Chelsea Clinton:''''' Bill Clinton’s daughter | |||
** '''''Zooey Deschanel:''''' Star of the show “New Girl” | |||
** '''''Novak Djokovic:''''' World renowned tennis player | |||
** '''''Victoria Beckham:''''' Wife of soccer star, David Beckham | |||
** '''''Jessica Simpson:''''' Actress | |||
** '''''Amy Yoder Begley:''''' Olympic runner | |||
** '''''Ryan Phillippe:''''' MacGruber star | |||
** '''''Susie Essman:''''' Mostly known for her role on the show “Curb Your Enthusiasm” | |||
** '''''Rachel Weisz:''''' Appeared in films such as “Constantine” and “The Mummy” | |||
** '''''Heidi Collins:''''' A news anchor for CNN | |||
** '''''Robin McGraw:''''' Dr. Phil’s wife | |||
** '''''Keith Olbermann:''''' A broadcaster for Fox and ESPN | |||
** '''''Cedric Benson:''''' Cincinnati Bengals running back | |||
** '''''Josh Turner:''''' Famed country singer | |||
** '''''Elisabeth Hasselbeck:''''' Member of “The View” | |||
** '''''Emmy Rossum:''''' Known for her glamorous acting | |||
** '''''Dana Vollmer:''''' U.S. swimmer | |||
** '''''James Starks:''''' Green Bay Packers running back | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Revision as of 17:53, 12 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
From beginning of human being life on the earth, he met his nutritional demands through hunting. Whenever the conditions became severe and there were not any hunting for a while, inevitably, he came to fruits, seeds, and nuts. About 8,000 years ago, Aretaeus, a clever Greek physician from Cappadocia, has written total of 8 books about different topics of medicine. In one of his books, he completely describe a patient with Celiac disease, called it 'koiliakos'. It came from Greek word of 'koelia' (abdomen), represent as “if the stomach be irretentive of the food and if it pass through undigested and crude, and nothing ascends into the body, we call such persons coeliacs”. There have been just one outbreak of Celiac disease in Sweden, 2005. In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in pediatrics, has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of diet". He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small". He also found the gluten-free diet as a relief, the symptoms relapse when gluten introduced again.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- From beginning of human being life on the earth, he met his nutritional demands through hunting. Whenever the conditions became severe and there were not any hunting for a while, inevitably, he came to fruits, seeds, and nuts.[1]
- From 10,000 years ago the mankind learnt to cultivate and agriculture. He has experienced sort of foods that has not experienced for 2.5 million years.[2]
- The main revolution of the agriculture and cultivation was of Neolithic period, in which some new sorts of antigens have produced to human beings daily regimen, such as cow, goat, and donkey milks' proteins, along with various birds' eggs, and also different cereals.[1]
- Among the products of agriculture, wheat showing a good rate of multiplication and also good resistance to harvesting, became the main food source of agriculture mankind.[3]
- There were no problems with the new regimen for a long time, till some members of the tribe faced with new problems, after eating wheat.
- About 8,000 years ago, Aretaeus, a clever Greek physician from Cappadocia, has written total of 8 books about different topics of medicine. In one of his books, he completely describe a patient with Celiac disease, called it 'koiliakos'. It came from Greek word of 'koelia' (abdomen), represent as “if the stomach be irretentive of the food and if it pass through undigested and crude, and nothing ascends into the body, we call such persons coeliacs”.[1]
- 17 centuries later, in early 19th century, Mathew Baillie, an Scottish physician, probably unaware of Aretaeus, presented his point of view about some adult patients experiencing malnutrition and bloating abdomen along with chronic diarrhea due to specific regimen, “some patients have appeared to derive considerable advantage from living almost entirely upon rice". Unfortunately, his work was not considered so much.[1] 1812
- In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in pediatrics, has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of diet".[4] He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small".[5] He also found the gluten-free diet as a relief, the symptoms relapse when gluten introduced again.[1]
- In 1920s, Sidney Haas, a New York city pediatrician, used a new dietetic therapeutic option for 10 children with Celiac disease, the banana diet; regarding his previous successful experience in treating a child with anorexia nervosa by the regimen. He presented the results as 8 of them "clinically cured" and remained 2 died.[6]
- In 1949, Wood, an Australian gastroenterologist, invented a simple flexible biopsy tube which can be used for GI biopsies without need to X-ray or gastroscope.[7]
- In 1950, Wim Dicke, a Dutch pediatrician, suggested in his doctoral thesis that elimination of wheat, rye, and oats from diet would be result in reasonable cure. He found that the pathological factor is gluten, indeed.[8]
- At the same time, Wim Dicke's colleagues, Weijers and Van de Kamer, presented a way to diagnosis of the Celiac disease, stool fat measurement.[9]
- In 1954, John Paulley, a pathologist from Ipswich in England, discovered the histological abnormalities in small intestine lining as the main pathophysiology of Celiac disease.[10]
Diagnosis
- In 1955, Marcelo Royer, a gastroenterologist from Buenos Aires, developed a reliable technique for duodenal biopsy under fluoroscopic vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.[11]
- In 1956, Margot Shiner, a German-British gastroenterologist, also developed a reliable technique for duodenal biopsy under fluoroscopic vision. He was inspired by Wood's instrument in this way.[12]
- In 1986, the Coeliac society on United Kingdom was founded. Similar societies also became founded around the world.
- In the mid to late 60’s, the main route of diagnosing the Celiac disease was assumed as jejunal biopsy, showing villus atrophy. But regarding that the atrophy of villi may have some other causes, the diagnosis could not be approved until it is found that the cause of atrophy is gluten.
- In 1964, Berger, a Switzerland immunologist, detected and reported anti gliadin antibodies in Celiac children.[13]
- In 1969, European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology (today ESPGHAN), present the diagnostic tool of “Interlaken criteria”, which was used for about 20 years. The criteria composed of full remission of the symptoms upon being on gluten-free diet, along with curing the atrophic lesions in GI lumen, and finally recurrence of the disease once the gluten start again.[1]
- In 1971, Seah, a British doctor, found that the antibody is not necessarily an anti-food protein, but it is actually an auto-antibody, the anti-reticulins.[14]
- In 1983, Chorzelski, a dermatologist from Warsaw, discovered anti-endomysium antibodies in Celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.[15]
Treatment
- The main management guidelines are issued by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2004)[16], the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA, 2006)[17], the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NSPGHAN, 2005)[18], the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN, 2012)[19], and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2015)[20].
Outbreaks
- There have been just one outbreak of Celiac disease in Sweden, which is summarized below:[21]
- Regarding that the Celiac disease has some genetic, immune mediated and chronic features, rarely can contributed to an outbreak.
- This is quite unique for Celiac disease, suggests some evolution in causal factors or environment in Swedish children population.
- It is assumed that every outbreaks can be caused by introducing large amounts of gluten contained foods to children, right after breast milk.
- By the beginning of outbreak the rise in girls was more than boys.
- Children that were born in summer have higher rate of Celiac disease, probably due to high gluten foods during the winter, when the infections are more common.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In October 1887, Samuel Gee, an English leading authority in pediatrics, has gain the full credit of explanation of Celiac disease, presenting "Celiac affection" lecture to medical students; which is published next year. Gee mentioned that "If the patient can be cured at all, it must be by means of diet".[4] He also added that "the allowance of farinaceous food must be small".[5] He also found the gluten-free diet as a relief, the symptoms relapse when gluten introduced again.[1]
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of Celiac disease:
- Drew Brees: Star quarterback for the Saints
- Justin Morneau: Twins first baseman Justin Morneau
- Chelsea Clinton: Bill Clinton’s daughter
- Zooey Deschanel: Star of the show “New Girl”
- Novak Djokovic: World renowned tennis player
- Victoria Beckham: Wife of soccer star, David Beckham
- Jessica Simpson: Actress
- Amy Yoder Begley: Olympic runner
- Ryan Phillippe: MacGruber star
- Susie Essman: Mostly known for her role on the show “Curb Your Enthusiasm”
- Rachel Weisz: Appeared in films such as “Constantine” and “The Mummy”
- Heidi Collins: A news anchor for CNN
- Robin McGraw: Dr. Phil’s wife
- Keith Olbermann: A broadcaster for Fox and ESPN
- Cedric Benson: Cincinnati Bengals running back
- Josh Turner: Famed country singer
- Elisabeth Hasselbeck: Member of “The View”
- Emmy Rossum: Known for her glamorous acting
- Dana Vollmer: U.S. swimmer
- James Starks: Green Bay Packers running back
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "www.cureceliacdisease.org" (PDF).
- ↑ Guandalini, Stefano (2008). "Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease": 1–11. doi:10.1159/000128267.
- ↑ Guandalini, Stefano (2008). "Historical Perspective of Celiac Disease": 1–11. doi:10.1159/000128267.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dowd B, Walker-Smith J (1974). "Samuel Gee, Aretaeus, and the coeliac affection". Br Med J. 2 (5909): 45–7. PMC 1610148. PMID 4595183.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Losowsky MS (2008). "A history of coeliac disease". Dig Dis. 26 (2): 112–20. doi:10.1159/000116768. PMID 18431060.
- ↑ Haas, Sidney V. (1932). "CELIAC DISEASE". Journal of the American Medical Association. 99 (6): 448. doi:10.1001/jama.1932.02740580016004. ISSN 0002-9955.
- ↑ Wood, I (1949). "GASTRIC BIOPSY REPORT ON FIFTY-FIVE BIOPSIES USING A NEW FLEXIBLE GASTRIC BIOPSY TUBE". The Lancet. 253 (6540): 18–21. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(49)90344-X. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Dicke, W. K.; Weijers, H. A.; KAMER, J. H. v. D. (1953). "Coeliac Disease The Presence in Wheat of a Factor Having a Deleterious Effect in Cases of Coeliac Disease". Acta Paediatrica. 42 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05563.x. ISSN 0803-5253.
- ↑ Kamer, J. H. Van De; Weijers, H. A.; Dicke, W. K. (1953). "Coeliac Disease: An Investigation into the Injurious Constituents of Wheat in Connection with their Action on Patients with Coeliac Disease". Acta Paediatrica. 42 (3): 223–231. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05586.x. ISSN 0803-5253.
- ↑ Paulley, J. W. (1954). "Observations on the Aetiology of Idiopathic Steatorrhoea". BMJ. 2 (4900): 1318–1321. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4900.1318. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ ROYER M, CROXATTO O, BIEMPICA L, BALCAZAR MORRISON AJ (1955). "[Duodenal biopsy by aspiration under radioscopic control]". Prensa Med Argent (in Spanish; Castilian). 42 (33): 2515–9. PMID 13289533.
- ↑ Shiner, Margot (1956). "DUODENAL BIOPSY". The Lancet. 267 (6906): 17–19. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91854-2. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ "Diagnostische Bewertung des Nachweises von Gliadin-Antikörpern bei Cöliakie | SpringerLink".
- ↑ Seah PP, Fry L, Hoffbrand AV, Holborow EJ (1971). "Tissue antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease". Lancet. 1 (7704): 834–6. PMID 4102529.
- ↑ Chorzelski, T.P.; Beutner, E.H.; Sulej, J.; Tchorzewska, H.; Jablonska, S.; Kumar, V.; Kapuscinska, A. (1984). "IgA anti-endomysium antibody. A new immunological marker of dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease". British Journal of Dermatology. 111 (4): 395–402. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06601.x. ISSN 0007-0963.
- ↑ "Celiac Disease: Summary - AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF (2006). "American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease". Gastroenterology. 131 (6): 1981–2002. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.004. PMID 17087937.
- ↑ Hill ID, Dirks MH, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Fasano A, Guandalini S, Hoffenberg EJ, Horvath K, Murray JA, Pivor M, Seidman EG (2005). "Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 40 (1): 1–19. PMID 15625418.
- ↑ Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP (2012). "European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856.
- ↑ "Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE".
- ↑ Ivarsson A (2005). "The Swedish epidemic of coeliac disease explored using an epidemiological approach--some lessons to be learnt". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 19 (3): 425–40. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2005.02.005. PMID 15925847.