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==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Common risk factors in the development of [[chronic diarrhea]] include:<ref name="pmid24117999">{{cite journal| author=Schiller LR, Pardi DS, Spiller R, Semrad CE, Surawicz CM, Giannella RA et al.| title=Gastro 2013 APDW/WCOG Shanghai working party report: chronic diarrhea: definition, classification, diagnosis. | journal=J Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2014 | volume= 29 | issue= 1 | pages= 6-25 | pmid=24117999 | doi=10.1111/jgh.12392 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24117999  }} </ref><ref name="DuplessisGutierrez2017">{{cite journal|last1=Duplessis|first1=Christopher A.|last2=Gutierrez|first2=Ramiro L.|last3=Porter|first3=Chad K.|title=Review: chronic and persistent diarrhea with a focus in the returning traveler|journal=Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines|volume=3|issue=1|year=2017|issn=2055-0936|doi=10.1186/s40794-017-0052-2}}</ref>
Common risk factors in the development of [[acute diarrhea]] include:


*Travel
*Travel
**Bacterial infection (mostly acute)
**Bacterial infection (Enterotoxigenic E.coli,Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)
**[[Protozoan infection|Protozoal infections]] (e.g. [[amoebiasis]], [[giardiasis]])
**Virus: Rota virus, Noro virus, Enteric adeno virus.
**[[Tropical sprue]]
**Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia, Cryptosporidium.
*[[Genetics]]
*[[Epidemics]] and [[outbreaks]]: Noro virus, Rota virus, Vibrio.cholerae, Shigella.
**[[Mutations]] in certain [[genes]] are associated with chronic diarrhea in [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]]
*Poor sanitation and overcrowding.
 
*Animal contact: Non typhoidal salmonella, Campylobacter.
*[[Epidemics]] and [[outbreaks]]
*Antibiotic use and Hospitalization: Clostridium difficle with Broad spectrum antibiotics especially Cephalosporins.
**[[Bacterial infection]]
* Day care
**Epidemic idiopathic secretory diarrhea (e.g. [[Brainerd diarrhea]])
*Immunosupression
**[[Protozoal]] infection (e.g. [[cryptosporidiosis]])
*Homosexual men
**Viral infection (e.g. [[rotavirus]])
*Drug side effects
*[[Diabetes|Diabetic patients]]
*[[Ischemic colitis]]
**Altered [[motility]] (increased or decreased)
**[[Pancreatic insufficiency|Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency]]
**[[Small Bowel Obstruction|Small intestinal bowel obstruction]]
**[[Drugs]] (especially [[acarbose]], [[metformin]])
*Patients with [[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]]
**[[:Category:Drugs|Drug side effects]]
**[[Lymphoma]]
**[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] (e.g. [[cryptosporidiosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[herpesvirus]], [[Mycobacterium avium complex]])
*Institutionalized and hospitalized patients
**[[Clostridium difficile infection|''Clostridium difficile'' infection]]
**Drug side effects
**[[Fecal impaction]] with overflow diarrhea
**[[Ischemic colitis]]
**[[Parenteral nutrition]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 04:22, 6 February 2018

Chronic diarrhea Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Chronic diarrhea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

The risk factors of chronic diarrhea can be assessed based on epidemiological associations and the patient's characteristics. Some of these factors can be classified based on travel history, epidemics and outbreaks, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and whether the patients are institutionalized or hospitalized.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of acute diarrhea include:

  • Travel
    • Bacterial infection (Enterotoxigenic E.coli,Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)
    • Virus: Rota virus, Noro virus, Enteric adeno virus.
    • Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia, Cryptosporidium.
  • Epidemics and outbreaks: Noro virus, Rota virus, Vibrio.cholerae, Shigella.
  • Poor sanitation and overcrowding.
  • Animal contact: Non typhoidal salmonella, Campylobacter.
  • Antibiotic use and Hospitalization: Clostridium difficle with Broad spectrum antibiotics especially Cephalosporins.
  • Day care
  • Immunosupression
  • Homosexual men
  • Drug side effects
  • Ischemic colitis

References


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