Psittacosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:23, 2 November 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]

Overview

Psittacosis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause atypical pneumonia and febrile illness without localizing signs and extrapulmonary manifestations such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, meningitis, or encephalitis. The three main diseases to differentiate psittacosis from are Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella infection, as they tend to have similar clinical manifestations that can only be differentiated by taking appropriate histories and laboratory investigations. There are other conditions to watch out for which may also present similarly to psittacosis.

Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases

The following diseases must be differentiated from psittacosis based on the presentation of cough, fever, myalgia, and shortness of breath.^[1]^[2]

Disease	Clinical Manifestations							Lab findings			Imaging findings	Main treatment
Disease	Cough	Sputum	Dyspnea	Sore throat	Headache	Confusion	Diarrhea	Hyponatremia	Leukopenia	Abnormal Liver function tests	Imaging findings	Main treatment
Psittacosis	++	-	+	-	+++	+	Minimal	-	+	-	No changes seen	Doxycycline
C.pneumoniae pneumonia	+	+	+	+++	++	+	-	-	-	-	Minimal changes observed	Doxycycline, azithromycin
M. pneumoniae pneumonia	++	++	++	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	Bronchial wall thickening Centrilobular nodules Ground-glass attenuation Consolidation	Doxycycline
L. pneumophila infection	+	+++	+++	-	+	++	+	++	+	++	Often multifocal	Doxycycline
Influenza	++	++	++	++	++	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	Bi-basal air-space opacities Perihilar reticular and alveolar infiltrates	Zanamivir, oseltamivir
Endocarditis	++	++	+	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	Hazy opacities at lung bases bilaterally	Vancomycin
Coxiella burnetii infection	++	-	+	+/-	-	+/-	Minimal	-	+/-	+/-	Segmental or lobar opacification Occasional pleural effusions	Doxycycline
Leptospirosis	++	+	++	+	+	++	-	+++			Multiple ill-defined nodules in both lungs.	Doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin
Brucellosis	++	-	+	-	++	+	-	+/-	+/-	+/-	Soft miliary mottling Parenchymal nodules Consolidation Chronic diffuse changes Hilar or paratracheal lymphadenopathy Pneumothorax	Doxycycline, rifampin

Key;

+: Occurs in some cases

++: Occurs in many cases

+++: Occurs frequently

References

↑ Yung AP, Grayson ML (1988). "Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases". Med J Aust. 148 (5): 228–33. PMID 3343952.
↑ Raoult D, Marrie T (1995). "Q fever". Clin Infect Dis. 20 (3): 489–95, quiz 496. PMID 7756465.

[pmid3343952-1] Yung AP, Grayson ML (1988). "Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases". Med J Aust. 148 (5): 228–33. PMID 3343952.

[pmid7756465-2] Raoult D, Marrie T (1995). "Q fever". Clin Infect Dis. 20 (3): 489–95, quiz 496. PMID 7756465.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases==
 The following [[diseases]] must be differentiated from [[psittacosis]] based on the presentation of [[cough]], [[fever]], [[myalgia]], and [[shortness of breath]].<ref name="pmid3343952">{{cite journal| author=Yung AP, Grayson ML| title=Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1988 | volume= 148 | issue= 5 | pages= 228-33 | pmid=3343952 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3343952  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7756465">{{cite journal| author=Raoult D, Marrie T| title=Q fever. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 489-95; quiz 496 | pmid=7756465 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7756465  }} </ref>
-*''[[C. pneumoniae]]'' [[pneumonia]]
+{|
-*''[[M. pneumoniae]]'' [[pneumonia]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
-*[[Legionella infection|''L. pneumophila'' infection]]
+! colspan="7" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical Manifestations
+! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-*[[Influenza (Flu) (For Patients)|Influenza]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging findings
-*[[Endocarditis]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Main treatment
-*[[Septicemia]]
-*[[Vasculitis]]
-*[[Coxiella burnetii infection|''Coxiella burnetii'' infection]]
-*[[Leptospirosis]]
-*[[Brucellosis]]
-'''Differentiating psittacosis from other diseases'''
-{| class="wikitable"
-! rowspan="2" |Disease
-! colspan="7" |Clinical Manifestations
-! colspan="3" |Lab findings
-! rowspan="2" |Imaging findings
-! rowspan="2" |Main treatment
 |-
-![[Cough]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Cough]]
-![[Sputum]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Sputum]]
-![[Dyspnea]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Dyspnea]]
-![[Sore throat]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Sore throat]]
-![[Headache]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Headache]]
-![[Confusion]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Confusion]]
-![[Diarrhea]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Diarrhea]]
-!Hyponatremia
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hyponatremia
-![[Leukopenia]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |[[Leukopenia]]
-!Abnormal Liver function tests
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abnormal Liver function tests
 |-
-|Psittacosis
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Psittacosis
 | ++
 | -
@@ Line 54: / Line 41: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]]
 |-
-|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae|''C.pneumoniae'']] pneumonia
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Chlamydia pneumoniae|''C.pneumoniae'']] pneumonia
 | +
 | +
@@ Line 69: / Line 56: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]], [[azithromycin]]
 |-
-|[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae|''M. pneumoniae'']] pneumonia
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae|''M. pneumoniae'']] pneumonia
 | ++
 | ++
@@ Line 87: / Line 74: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]]
 |-
-|[[Legionella pneumophila|''L. pneumophila'']] infection
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Legionella pneumophila|''L. pneumophila'']] infection
 | +
 | +++
@@ Line 102: / Line 89: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]]
 |-
-|[[Influenza]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Influenza]]
 | ++
 | ++
@@ Line 118: / Line 105: @@
 |[[Zanamivir]], [[oseltamivir]]
 |-
-|[[Endocarditis]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Endocarditis]]
 | ++
 | ++
@@ Line 133: / Line 120: @@
 |[[Vancomycin]]
 |-
-|[[Coxiella burnetii infection|''Coxiella burnetii'' infection]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Coxiella burnetii infection|''Coxiella burnetii'' infection]]
 | ++
 | -
@@ Line 149: / Line 136: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]]
 |-
-|[[Leptospirosis]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Leptospirosis]]
 | ++
 | +
@@ Line 164: / Line 151: @@
 |[[Doxycycline]], [[azithromycin]], [[amoxicillin]]
 |-
-|[[Brucellosis]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Brucellosis]]
 | ++
 | -

Psittacosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:23, 2 November 2018

Overview

Differentiating Psittacosis from other Diseases

References

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