Hemolytic anemia causes: Difference between revisions
Shyam Patel (talk | contribs) (→Causes) |
Shyam Patel (talk | contribs) (→Causes) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
The causes of hemolytic anemia can be divided into etiologies that are intrinsic to red blood cell biology or extrinsic to red blood cell biology. Intrinsic, or intracorpuscular, causes include red blood cell membrane defects or enzyme deficiencies. Extrinsic causes include infections, autoimmune conditions, or drugs. | The causes of hemolytic anemia can be divided into etiologies that are intrinsic to red blood cell biology or extrinsic to red blood cell biology. Intrinsic, or intracorpuscular, causes include red blood cell membrane defects or enzyme deficiencies. Extrinsic causes include infections, autoimmune conditions, or drugs. | ||
===Intrinsic or | ===Intrinsic or Intracorpuscular Factors=== | ||
====Red blood cell membrane defects==== | ====Red blood cell membrane defects==== | ||
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] | *[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
*Unstable [[hemoglobin]] variants and [[hemoglobinopathies]] | *Unstable [[hemoglobin]] variants and [[hemoglobinopathies]] | ||
====Red | ====Red Blood Cell Enzyme Deficiencies==== | ||
*[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] | *[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] | ||
*[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | *[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | ||
*[[Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency]] | *[[Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency]] | ||
===Extrinsic | ===Extrinsic Factors=== | ||
Extrinsic factors refers to those that are commonly acquired in nature and have an adverse effect on red blood cells. | Extrinsic factors refers to those that are commonly acquired in nature and have an adverse effect on red blood cells. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
====Autoimmune Conditions==== | ====Autoimmune Conditions==== | ||
Systemic activation of the immune system due to underlying rheumatologic conditions can result in a predisposition for hemolysis. | |||
*Systemic lupus erythematosus | *Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||
====Drugs==== | ====Drugs==== | ||
*Pembrolizumab | These are important causes of hemolysis, especially in the era of immunotherapy for cancer. As more immunotherapeutic agents reach the market, it is likely that there will be more cases of [[iatrogenic]] hemolytic anemia. | ||
*Nivolumab | *[[Pembrolizumab]] | ||
*Ipilimumab | *[[Nivolumab]] | ||
*Durvalumab | *[[Ipilimumab]] | ||
*Avelumab | *[[Durvalumab]] | ||
*Dapsone | *[[Avelumab]] | ||
*Quinines | *[[Dapsone]] | ||
*[[Quinines]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
Revision as of 02:03, 25 September 2017
|
Hemolytic anemia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hemolytic anemia causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemolytic anemia causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemolytic anemia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The causes for hemolytic anemia can be divided into intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular causes. The intrinsic causes are commonly due to hereditary causes whereas the extrinsic causes are comonly acquired.
Causes
The causes of hemolytic anemia can be divided into etiologies that are intrinsic to red blood cell biology or extrinsic to red blood cell biology. Intrinsic, or intracorpuscular, causes include red blood cell membrane defects or enzyme deficiencies. Extrinsic causes include infections, autoimmune conditions, or drugs.
Intrinsic or Intracorpuscular Factors
Red blood cell membrane defects
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Alpha thalassemia
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Unstable hemoglobin variants and hemoglobinopathies
Red Blood Cell Enzyme Deficiencies
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency
Extrinsic Factors
Extrinsic factors refers to those that are commonly acquired in nature and have an adverse effect on red blood cells.
Infections
- Shiga-toxin from enterohemorrhagic ''E. coli'' strain O157:H&
- Parvovirus
- Malaria
- Babesia
- ''Clostridium perfringens''
Autoimmune Conditions
Systemic activation of the immune system due to underlying rheumatologic conditions can result in a predisposition for hemolysis.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drugs
These are important causes of hemolysis, especially in the era of immunotherapy for cancer. As more immunotherapeutic agents reach the market, it is likely that there will be more cases of iatrogenic hemolytic anemia.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Acetaminophen and Oxycodone, Amoxicillin, Cefadroxil, Cefaclor, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefotetan disodium, Ceftazidime, Chlorpromazine, Chlorpropamide, Clemastine, Dexchlorpheniramine, Diflunisal, Doxycycline, Flurbiprofen, Indinavir,Imipenem-Cilastatin, Rifampin, Mafenide, Meropenem, Metaxalone, Micafungin sodium, Minocycline hydrochloride, Nitrofurantoin, Olsalazine, Oxaprozin, Oxytetracycline, Penicillin G , Primaquine phosphate (in G-6-PD deficiency and in favism), Pegademase, Piperacillin, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Procarbazine, Probenecid,Rasburicase, Repaglinide, Sulindac, tolbutamide, Tolazamide, Thiothixene, Tolmetin, |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
|
|
|