Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome MRI: Difference between revisions
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==MRI== | ==MRI== | ||
Brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Findings on MRI suggestive of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome include hypopituitarism and hypogonadism. MRI in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome may present with the following features: | Brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Findings on MRI suggestive of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome include hypopituitarism and hypogonadism. MRI in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome may present with the following features:<ref name="Vance1994">{{cite journal|last1=Vance|first1=Mary Lee|title=Hypopituitarism|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=330|issue=23|year=1994|pages=1651–1662|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199406093302306}}</ref><ref name="pmid20197674">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li G, Shao P, Sun X, Wang Q, Zhang L |title=Magnetic resonance imaging and pituitary function in children with panhypopituitarism |journal=Horm Res Paediatr |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=205–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20197674 |doi=10.1159/000284363 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21646285">{{cite journal |vauthors=Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Woodmansee WW, Green DM, Li JJ, Jung H, Erfurth EM, Robison LL |title=Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients: an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=165 |issue=2 |pages=217–23 |year=2011 |pmid=21646285 |pmc=3132593 |doi=10.1530/EJE-11-0286 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Pozzi MucelliFrezza1992">{{cite journal|last1=Pozzi Mucelli|first1=R. S.|last2=Frezza|first2=F.|last3=Magnaldi|first3=S.|last4=Proto|first4=G.|title=Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with panhypopituitarism|journal=European Radiology|volume=2|issue=1|year=1992|pages=42–46|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/BF00714180}}</ref><ref name="pmid22015494">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imashuku S, Kudo N, Kaneda S, Kuroda H, Shiwa T, Hiraiwa T, Inagaki A, Morimoto A |title=Treatment of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary lesions as adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=94 |issue=6 |pages=556–60 |year=2011 |pmid=22015494 |doi=10.1007/s12185-011-0955-z |url=}}</ref> | ||
**In cranial DI, T1 weighted MR shows absence of high internsity bright spot that is normally seen in posterior pituitary<ref name="pmid7625990">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Herder WW, Lamberts SW |title=Imaging of pituitary tumours |journal=Baillieres Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=367–89 |year=1995 |pmid=7625990 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan with intravenous gadolinium is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of [[hypopituitarism]] . It is preferred over the [[CT scan]] as [[optic chiasm]], [[pituitary stalk]], and [[cavernous sinuses]] can be seen in [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]. | *[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan with intravenous gadolinium is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of [[hypopituitarism]] . It is preferred over the [[CT scan]] as [[optic chiasm]], [[pituitary stalk]], and [[cavernous sinuses]] can be seen in [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]. | ||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is the single best imaging modality in the evaluation of [[Sella|sellar]] masses as certain findings are suggestive of some specific sellar masses and help to differentiate them | *[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is the single best imaging modality in the evaluation of [[Sella|sellar]] masses as certain findings are suggestive of some specific sellar masses and help to differentiate them | ||
*If MRI is not possible due to any reason, high-resolution CT scan with contrast administration, in coronal plane, may be used as an alternative | *If MRI is not possible due to any reason, high-resolution CT scan with contrast administration, in coronal plane, may be used as an alternative | ||
*An [[magnetic resonance imaging]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]) scan may show a three-dimensional image of [[pituitary gland]], [[hypothalamus]], and the [[organs]] near them. | *An [[magnetic resonance imaging]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]) scan may show a three-dimensional image of [[pituitary gland]], [[hypothalamus]], and the [[organs]] near them. | ||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is used to detect the underlying cause of like the [[pituitary adenoma]] that can be seen as a mass with [[hormonal]] hypersecretion. | *[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is used to detect the underlying cause of like the [[pituitary adenoma]] that can be seen as a mass with [[hormonal]] hypersecretion. | ||
*There is a positive [[correlation]] between [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] <nowiki/>findings and the number of [[Pituitary hormone|pituitary hormonal]] deficiencies. | *There is a positive [[correlation]] between [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] <nowiki/>findings and the number of [[Pituitary hormone|pituitary hormonal]] deficiencies. | ||
*An [[MRI]] lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. The absence of an [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology. | *An [[MRI]] lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. The absence of an [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology. | ||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]<nowiki/>scan shows the following findings in cases of [[hypopituitarism]]: | *[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]<nowiki/>scan shows the following findings in cases of [[hypopituitarism]]: | ||
**Decreased size of the [[pituitary gland]]. | **Decreased size of the [[pituitary gland]]. | ||
**[[Empty sella]] may be noticed in some cases. | **[[Empty sella]] may be noticed in some cases. | ||
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**Mass may appear in the [[pituitary]]. | **Mass may appear in the [[pituitary]]. | ||
**[[Ectopic]] [[posterior lobe]] of the [[pituitary gland]] may be observed in cases of [[Pituitary dwarfism II|pituitary dwarfism]]. | **[[Ectopic]] [[posterior lobe]] of the [[pituitary gland]] may be observed in cases of [[Pituitary dwarfism II|pituitary dwarfism]]. | ||
**Infiltrative disorders such a sarcoidosis and histiocytosis may present as thickening of infundibulum | **Infiltrative disorders such a sarcoidosis and histiocytosis may present as thickening of infundibulum. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:10, 27 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
MRI
Brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Findings on MRI suggestive of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome include hypopituitarism and hypogonadism. MRI in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome may present with the following features:[1][2][3][4][5]
- In cranial DI, T1 weighted MR shows absence of high internsity bright spot that is normally seen in posterior pituitary[6]
- MRI scan with intravenous gadolinium is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of hypopituitarism . It is preferred over the CT scan as optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, and cavernous sinuses can be seen in MRI.
- MRI is the single best imaging modality in the evaluation of sellar masses as certain findings are suggestive of some specific sellar masses and help to differentiate them
- If MRI is not possible due to any reason, high-resolution CT scan with contrast administration, in coronal plane, may be used as an alternative
- An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may show a three-dimensional image of pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and the organs near them.
- MRI is used to detect the underlying cause of like the pituitary adenoma that can be seen as a mass with hormonal hypersecretion.
- There is a positive correlation between MRI findings and the number of pituitary hormonal deficiencies.
- An MRI lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. The absence of an MRI lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology.
- MRIscan shows the following findings in cases of hypopituitarism:
- Decreased size of the pituitary gland.
- Empty sella may be noticed in some cases.
- Pituitary stalk may be visible, thin, or totally absent.
- Posterior lobe of the pituitary may be absent.
- Mass may appear in the pituitary.
- Ectopic posterior lobe of the pituitary gland may be observed in cases of pituitary dwarfism.
- Infiltrative disorders such a sarcoidosis and histiocytosis may present as thickening of infundibulum.
References
- ↑ Vance, Mary Lee (1994). "Hypopituitarism". New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (23): 1651–1662. doi:10.1056/NEJM199406093302306. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Li G, Shao P, Sun X, Wang Q, Zhang L (2010). "Magnetic resonance imaging and pituitary function in children with panhypopituitarism". Horm Res Paediatr. 73 (3): 205–9. doi:10.1159/000284363. PMID 20197674.
- ↑ Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Woodmansee WW, Green DM, Li JJ, Jung H, Erfurth EM, Robison LL (2011). "Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients: an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165 (2): 217–23. doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0286. PMC 3132593. PMID 21646285.
- ↑ Pozzi Mucelli, R. S.; Frezza, F.; Magnaldi, S.; Proto, G. (1992). "Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with panhypopituitarism". European Radiology. 2 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1007/BF00714180. ISSN 0938-7994.
- ↑ Imashuku S, Kudo N, Kaneda S, Kuroda H, Shiwa T, Hiraiwa T, Inagaki A, Morimoto A (2011). "Treatment of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary lesions as adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Int. J. Hematol. 94 (6): 556–60. doi:10.1007/s12185-011-0955-z. PMID 22015494.
- ↑ De Herder WW, Lamberts SW (1995). "Imaging of pituitary tumours". Baillieres Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 9 (2): 367–89. PMID 7625990.