Rabies diagnostic criteria: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The diagnosis of rabies is based upon clinical diagnosis; that includes a thorough medical history and a high degree of suspicion as well as on lab diagnosis that includes skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining, isolation of virus from the samples of saliva and detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). | The diagnosis of rabies is based upon [[clinical]] diagnosis; that includes a thorough medical history and a high degree of suspicion as well as on lab diagnosis that includes skin [[biopsy]] specimens showing [[virus]]-specific [[immunofluorescent]] [[staining]], [[Isolation (health care)|isolation]] of [[virus]] from the samples of [[saliva]] and detection of anti-rabies [[antibodies]] in [[serum]] or [[Cerebrospinal fluid|cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)]]. | ||
==Diagnostic Criteria== | ==Diagnostic Criteria== | ||
The diagnosis of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and lab findings. | The [[diagnosis]] of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and lab findings. | ||
*Clinical diagnosis: | *Clinical diagnosis: | ||
**A detailed medical history | **A detailed medical history | ||
**High index of suspicion (hydrophobia and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)<ref name="pmid23861361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA |title=Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=8 |pages=1114–28 |year=2013 |pmid=23861361 |pmc=3783060 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit458 |url=}}</ref> | **High index of suspicion ([[hydrophobia]] and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)<ref name="pmid23861361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA |title=Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=8 |pages=1114–28 |year=2013 |pmid=23861361 |pmc=3783060 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit458 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Acute worsening of neurological functioning regardless of any previous history of animal bite or exposure | **[[Acute]] worsening of [[neurological]] functioning regardless of any previous history of [[animal bite]] or [[Exposure (photography)|exposure]] | ||
**It should be ruled out from other treatable causes of encephalitis<ref name="pmid12144896">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T |title=Rabies re-examined |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=327–43 |year=2002 |pmid=12144896 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **It should be ruled out from other treatable [[causes]] of [[encephalitis]]<ref name="pmid12144896">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T |title=Rabies re-examined |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=327–43 |year=2002 |pmid=12144896 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Laboratory diagnosis: | *[[Laboratory]] diagnosis: | ||
**Skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining | **[[Skin biopsy]] specimens showing [[virus]]-specific [[immunofluorescent]] [[staining]] | ||
**Isolation of virus from the samples of saliva | **[[Isolation (health care)|Isolation]] of [[virus]] from the samples of [[saliva]] | ||
**Detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | **Detection of anti-rabies [[antibodies]] in [[serum]] or [[Cerebrospinal fluid|cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:40, 28 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The diagnosis of rabies is based upon clinical diagnosis; that includes a thorough medical history and a high degree of suspicion as well as on lab diagnosis that includes skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining, isolation of virus from the samples of saliva and detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnosis of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and lab findings.
- Clinical diagnosis:
- A detailed medical history
- High index of suspicion (hydrophobia and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)[1]
- Acute worsening of neurological functioning regardless of any previous history of animal bite or exposure
- It should be ruled out from other treatable causes of encephalitis[2]
- Laboratory diagnosis:
- Skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining
- Isolation of virus from the samples of saliva
- Detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
References
- ↑ Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA (2013). "Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium". Clin. Infect. Dis. 57 (8): 1114–28. doi:10.1093/cid/cit458. PMC 3783060. PMID 23861361.
- ↑ Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T (2002). "Rabies re-examined". Lancet Infect Dis. 2 (6): 327–43. PMID 12144896.