Thyroid nodule causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

The most important causes of thyroid nodule development include: Multinodular (sporadic) goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, cysts, macrofollicular/microfollicular adenomas, childhood radioiodine exposure, familial history, and gene mutations include N&H ras, RET, Gsp, C-MET (α and β subunit), TRK, EGF / EGF-R, and P53 mutation.

Causes

The most important causes of thyroid nodule development include:

• Causes of benign thyroid nodule:
  • Multinodular (sporadic) goiter ("colloid adenoma")
  • Hashimoto's (chronic lymphocytic) thyroiditis
  • Cysts (colloid, simple, or hemorrhagic)
  • Follicular adenomas
  • Macrofollicular adenomas
  • Microfollicular or cellular adenomas
  • Hürthle cell (oxyphil cell) adenomas
  • Macro- or microfollicular patterns
• Causes of malignant nodule mutations:
  • Childhood radioiodine exposure
  • Familial history

The most important genes which their mutation can lead to thyroid cancer include:

• • N&H ras
  • RET
  • Gsp
  • C-MET (α and β subunit)
  • TRK
  • EGF / EGF-R
  • P53

PMC2879398

PMC4481656

20693948

PMC4481656