Hypoaldosteronism (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ||
It is important to seek medical care if you show signs of any of the symptoms associated with hypoaldosteronism. This is especially important if you experience any of the symptoms of low blood pressure, muscle fatigue and altered mental status, as this can be fatal if not treated immediately. | |||
==Treatment Options== | ==Treatment Options== | ||
Revision as of 16:36, 6 October 2017
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Hypoaldosteronism |
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Hypoaldosteronism On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page on this topic, click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Hypoaldosteronism is a condition characterized by the shortage (deficiency) or impaired function of a hormone called aldosterone. Hypoaldosteronism may be described as hyporeninemic or hyperreninemic depending on renin levels. Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism occurs when there is decreased production of aldosterone due to decreased production of renin . Affected individuals typically have kidney (renal) disease due to various conditions, such as diabetes, interstitial nephritis, or multiple myeloma. Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism occurs when there is a problem with the production of aldosterone, but renin is produced normally by the kidneys. Common causes of this form of hypoaldosteronism are medications (ACE inhibitors), lead poisoning, severe illness, and aldosterone enzyme defect.
What are the Symptoms of Hypoaldosteronism?
Common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include:[1][2][3][4]
- Chronic fatigue
- Low blood pressure
- Lightheadedness
- Palpitations
- Muscle weakness
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Salt craving
- Dizziness
What Causes Hypoaldosteronism?
Common cause of hypoaldosteronism include disorders of kidney and adrenal glands. Some drugs which can block the action of hormone renin or aldosterone may also lead to hypoaldosteronism. Any chronic kidney disease may lead to inadequate production of renin, similarly any adrenal gland disorders may lead to decrease production of aldosterone. Drugs leading top hypoaldosteronism include ACE inhibitor, ARBs, calcineurin inhibitors, nitric oxide and heparin.
Who is at risk for Hypoaldosteronism?
Common risk factors in the development of hypoaldosteronism include:[5][6][7]
- Diabetes mellitus
- Sickle cell anemia
- HIV
- Graves' disease
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pernicious anemia
- Vitiligo
Diagnosis
There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of hypoaldosteronism. Patients with a positive history of hypotension, muscle weakness and fatigue should raise suspicion for hypoaldosteronism. These patients should first be tested for serum potassium levels and later for plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone, and serum cortisol. Asymptomatic hypoaldosteronism can also be discovered on routine laboratory evaluations.
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?
It is important to seek medical care if you show signs of any of the symptoms associated with hypoaldosteronism. This is especially important if you experience any of the symptoms of low blood pressure, muscle fatigue and altered mental status, as this can be fatal if not treated immediately.
Treatment Options
Treatment for hypoaldosteronism depends on the underlying condition. Affected individuals are often advised to follow a low-potassium diet with liberal sodium intake. People with hypoaldosteronism should typically avoid ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics. Individuals with hypoaldosteronism and a deficiency of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones are usually given fludrocortisone. People with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism are frequently given furosemide to correct hyperkalemia
Where to find Medical Care for Hypoaldosteronism?
Medical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Prevention
What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible Complications
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000434.htm
- ↑ Rodríguez Soriano J (2002). "Renal tubular acidosis: the clinical entity". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 (8): 2160–70. PMID 12138150.
- ↑ Tan SY, Burton M (1981). "Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. An overlooked cause of hyperkalemia". Arch. Intern. Med. 141 (1): 30–3. PMID 7004370.
- ↑ Sarkar SB, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay S (2012). "Addison's disease". Contemp Clin Dent. 3 (4): 484–6. doi:10.4103/0976-237X.107450. PMC 3636818. PMID 23633816.
- ↑ Arlt W, Allolio B (2003). "Adrenal insufficiency". Lancet. 361 (9372): 1881–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13492-7. PMID 12788587.
- ↑ Uribarri J, Oh MS, Carroll HJ (1990). "Hyperkalemia in diabetes mellitus". J Diabet Complications. 4 (1): 3–7. PMID 2141843.
- ↑ Bojestig M, Nystrom FH, Arnqvist HJ, Ludvigsson J, Karlberg BE (2000). "The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is suppressed in adults with Type 1 diabetes". J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 1 (4): 353–6. doi:10.3317/jraas.2000.065. PMID 11967822.
- ↑ Michels AW, Eisenbarth GS (2010). "Immunologic endocrine disorders". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S226–37. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.053. PMC 2835296. PMID 20176260.