Toxic multinodular goiter historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Historical Perspective

The historical perspective of toxic multinodular goiter is as below:

• In 40 BC, Pliny, Vitruvius, and Juvenal were the first who documented the prevalence of goiter in the Alps.
• In 138, Soranus, a Greek physician, reported a case of neck swelling following pregnancy.
• In 1500, Leonardo da Vinci was the first who recognized and drew the thyroid gland.

  

  Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with goiter
  Courtesy to Wikipedia

• In 1543, Andreas Vesalius was the first who provided the first anatomic description and illustration of the thyroid gland.
• In 1563, Eustachius was the first who introduced the term "isthmus" to describe tissue connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland.
• In 1834, Robert Graves was the first who described a syndrome of palpitation, goiter, and exophthalmos.
• In 1913, Henry Plummer, an American physician was the first to describe toxic multinodular goiter or Plummer's disease.
• In 1936, Dr. Saul Hertz was the first who described the usage of radioactive iodine for the study of the thyroid gland.
• In 1947, Cope, Rawson, and McArthur were the first who described the usage of radioactive iodine to demonstrate a "hot" thyroid nodule.
• In 1948, T. Templa, J. Aleksandrowicz, and M. Till were the first who described the usage of fine needle thyroid biopsy as a diagnostic method for thyroid nodules.