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Common causes[edit | edit source]<ref name="pmid19683340">{{cite journal| author=Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE| title=Peptic ulcer disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 374 | issue= 9699 | pages= 1449-61 | pmid=19683340 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60938-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19683340  }} </ref>
Common causes <ref name="pmid19683340">{{cite journal| author=Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE| title=Peptic ulcer disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 374 | issue= 9699 | pages= 1449-61 | pmid=19683340 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60938-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19683340  }} </ref>
*Helicobacter pylori(60% gastric and 50-75% duodenal ulcers ).
*Helicobacter pylori(60% gastric and 50-75% duodenal ulcers )
*Drugs-NSAIDs including aspirin{<ref name="pmid11960062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirschowitz BI, Lanas A |title=Atypical and aggressive upper gastrointestinal ulceration associated with aspirin abuse |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=523–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11960062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Drugs-NSAIDs including aspirin{<ref name="pmid11960062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirschowitz BI, Lanas A |title=Atypical and aggressive upper gastrointestinal ulceration associated with aspirin abuse |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=523–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11960062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Less common causes of peptic ulcer disease
Less common causes of peptic ulcer disease
*Hormonal or mediator-induced including secondary acid hypersecretory states  
*Hormonal or mediator-induced including secondary acid hypersecretory states  
**Gastrinomas
**Gastrinomas
** systemic mastocytosis
** Systemic mastocytosis
** carcinoid syndrome
** Carcinoid syndrome
** myeloproliferative disorder   
** Myeloproliferative disorder   
**antral g - cell hyperfunction.  
*Antral g - cell hyperfunction.  
*Post-surgical -Antral exclusion and post gastric bypass surgery.
*Post-surgical -Antral exclusion and post gastric bypass surgery
*Tumors-cancers and lymphoma  
*Tumors-cancers and lymphoma  
*Cameron ulcer (gastric ulcer where a hiatus hernia passes
*Cameron ulcer (gastric ulcer where a hiatus hernia passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus)
through the diaphragmatic hiatus)
*True idiopathic ulcer.
*True idiopathic ulcer.
'''Rare causes of peptic ulcer disease''' <ref name="pmid19683340">{{cite journal| author=Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE| title=Peptic ulcer disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 374 | issue= 9699 | pages= 1449-61 | pmid=19683340 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60938-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19683340  }} </ref>
'''Rare causes of peptic ulcer disease''' <ref name="pmid19683340">{{cite journal| author=Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE| title=Peptic ulcer disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 374 | issue= 9699 | pages= 1449-61 | pmid=19683340 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60938-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19683340  }} </ref>
Line 20: Line 19:
* Systemic mastocytosis
* Systemic mastocytosis
* Radiation damage
* Radiation damage
* Viral infections (eg, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex
* Viral infections (eg cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex infection, in particular in immunocompromised patients)
infection, in particular in immunocompromised
patients)
*Colonisation of stomach with H heilmanii
*Colonisation of stomach with H heilmanii
* Severe systemic disease
* Severe systemic disease
Line 30: Line 27:
*Peptic ulcer disease is caused by gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)caused by a mutation in MEN gene present on chromosome 11q13.
*Peptic ulcer disease is caused by gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)caused by a mutation in MEN gene present on chromosome 11q13.


Causes by organ system[edit | edit source]
===Causes by organ system===
To obtain the coding for the table seen below, click here. You need to copy the table content from the edit box, and paste it into the edit box.
* To obtain the coding for the table seen below, click [[Differential diagnosis by organ system table|here]]. You need to copy the table content from the edit box, and paste it into the edit box.
You can then list the causes by organ system. List the causes, separated by a comma under the appropriate category where it says "No underlying causes". Erase "No underlying causes" if you are listing causes in that category.
* You can then list the causes by organ system. List the causes, separated by a comma under the appropriate category where it says "No underlying causes". Erase "No underlying causes" if you are listing causes in that category.
For an example of the causes by organ system table in a causes microchapter, click here.
* For an example of the causes by organ system table in a causes microchapter, click [[Jaundice causes#Causes by Organ System|here]].
Cardiovascular No underlying causes
 
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
Dental No underlying causes
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
Dermatologic No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect -<ref name="pmid17312377">{{cite journal| author=Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, Ramage JK, Steinmuller T, Lewington V et al.| title=Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic). | journal=Neuroendocrinology | year= 2006 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-82 | pmid=17312377 | doi=10.1159/000098009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17312377  }} </ref>
|-
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
Endocrine-Diabetes mellitus
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
Environmental <ref name="pmid28834889">{{cite journal| author=Lee YB, Yu J, Choi HH, Jeon BS, Kim HK, Kim SW et al.| title=The association between peptic ulcer diseases and mental health problems: A population-based study: a STROBE compliant article. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 34 | pages= e7828 | pmid=28834889 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007828 | pmc=5572011 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28834889  }} </ref>-smoking, excess alcohol consumption, caffeine intake ,more common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus ,hypertension ,metabolic syndrome
|-
Gastroenterologic-Crohn's disease, Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis.
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Genetic --<ref name="pmid17312377">{{cite journal| author=Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, Ramage JK, Steinmuller T, Lewington V et al.| title=Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic). | journal=Neuroendocrinology | year= 2006 | volume= 84 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-82 | pmid=17312377 | doi=10.1159/000098009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17312377  }} </ref>
| '''Dental'''
*Peptic ulcer disease is caused by gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)caused by a mutation in MEN gene present on chromosome 11q13.
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
|-
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Infectious Disease Bacteria: Helicobacter pylori (60% gastric and 50-75% duodenal ulcers ), Viruses:cytomegalovirus,herpes simplex type 1.
| '''Dermatologic'''
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying cause
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
|-
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
Oncologic non-beta cell tumor, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinomas
| bgcolor="Beige" | serotonin reuptake -NSAIDs,Clopidogrel,spironolactone,sirolimus,bisphosphonates (when combined with NSAIDs),mycophenolate mofetil,spironolactone ,chemotherapy (hepatic infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ,selective serotonin reuptake  inhibitor
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
|-
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Psychiatric severe stress, depressed mood, suicidal ideation and psychological counseling
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
Pulmonary No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
|-
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Sexual No underlying causes
| '''Endocrine'''
Trauma No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | Diabetes mellitus
Urologic No underlying causes
|-
Miscellaneous No underlying causes
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | "pmid28834889">{{cite journal| author=Lee YB, Yu J, Choi HH, Jeon BS, Kim HK, Kim SW et al.| title=The association between peptic ulcer diseases and mental health problems: A population-based study: a STROBE compliant article. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 34 | pages= e7828 | pmid=28834889 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007828 | pmc=5572011 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28834889  }} </ref>-smoking, excess alcohol consumption, caffeine intake ,more common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus ,hypertension ,metabolic syndrome.
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Crohn’s disease of the stomach or duodenum, Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Non-beta cell tumor , carcinoid syndrome , gastrinomas
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | severe stress, depressed mood, suicidal ideation and psychological counseling
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | COPD,Sarcoidosis
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Hypercalcemia
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Fibromyalgia<ref name="pmid28384332">Wang KA, Wang JC, Lin CL, Tseng CH (2017) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28384332 Association between fibromyalgia syndrome and peptic ulcer disease development.] ''PLoS One'' 12 (4):e0175370. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175370 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0175370] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/28384332 28384332]</ref>
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|}
Causes in alphabetical order[edit | edit source]
Causes in alphabetical order[edit | edit source]
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

Revision as of 16:21, 13 October 2017

Common causes [1]

  • Helicobacter pylori(60% gastric and 50-75% duodenal ulcers )
  • Drugs-NSAIDs including aspirin{[2]

Less common causes of peptic ulcer disease

  • Hormonal or mediator-induced including secondary acid hypersecretory states
    • Gastrinomas
    • Systemic mastocytosis
    • Carcinoid syndrome
    • Myeloproliferative disorder
  • Antral g - cell hyperfunction.
  • Post-surgical -Antral exclusion and post gastric bypass surgery
  • Tumors-cancers and lymphoma
  • Cameron ulcer (gastric ulcer where a hiatus hernia passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus)
  • True idiopathic ulcer.

Rare causes of peptic ulcer disease [1]

  • Crohn’s disease of the stomach or duodenum
  • Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis
  • Systemic mastocytosis
  • Radiation damage
  • Viral infections (eg cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex infection, in particular in immunocompromised patients)
  • Colonisation of stomach with H heilmanii
  • Severe systemic disease


Genetic causes -[3]

  • Peptic ulcer disease is caused by gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)caused by a mutation in MEN gene present on chromosome 11q13.

Causes by organ system

  • To obtain the coding for the table seen below, click here. You need to copy the table content from the edit box, and paste it into the edit box.
  • You can then list the causes by organ system. List the causes, separated by a comma under the appropriate category where it says "No underlying causes". Erase "No underlying causes" if you are listing causes in that category.
  • For an example of the causes by organ system table in a causes microchapter, click here.
Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect serotonin reuptake -NSAIDs,Clopidogrel,spironolactone,sirolimus,bisphosphonates (when combined with NSAIDs),mycophenolate mofetil,spironolactone ,chemotherapy (hepatic infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ,selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus
Environmental "pmid28834889">Lee YB, Yu J, Choi HH, Jeon BS, Kim HK, Kim SW; et al. (2017). "The association between peptic ulcer diseases and mental health problems: A population-based study: a STROBE compliant article". Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (34): e7828. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007828. PMC 5572011. PMID 28834889. </ref>-smoking, excess alcohol consumption, caffeine intake ,more common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus ,hypertension ,metabolic syndrome.
Gastroenterologic Crohn’s disease of the stomach or duodenum, Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Non-beta cell tumor , carcinoid syndrome , gastrinomas
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric severe stress, depressed mood, suicidal ideation and psychological counseling
Pulmonary COPD,Sarcoidosis
Renal/Electrolyte Hypercalcemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Fibromyalgia[4]
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in alphabetical order[edit | edit source] List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3 Cause 4 Cause 5 Cause 6 Cause 7 Cause 8 Cause 9 Cause 10

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE (2009). "Peptic ulcer disease". Lancet. 374 (9699): 1449–61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60938-7. PMID 19683340.
  2. ↑ Hirschowitz BI, Lanas A (2002). "Atypical and aggressive upper gastrointestinal ulceration associated with aspirin abuse". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 34 (5): 523–8. PMID 11960062.
  3. ↑ Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, Ramage JK, Steinmuller T, Lewington V; et al. (2006). "Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic)". Neuroendocrinology. 84 (3): 173–82. doi:10.1159/000098009. PMID 17312377.
  4. ↑ Wang KA, Wang JC, Lin CL, Tseng CH (2017) Association between fibromyalgia syndrome and peptic ulcer disease development. PLoS One 12 (4):e0175370. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0175370 PMID: 28384332
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