Hemolytic anemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Hemolytic anemia}} | {{Hemolytic anemia}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
The natural history depends on the etiology of the hemolytic anemia. | |||
*'''Drug-induced hemolytic anemia''' tends to be transient, if the etiology is identified. Once the drug is introduced, the hemolysis typically begins within a few days. Once the offending agent is discontinued, the hemolysis begins to abate. There are typically no long-term complications from this type of hemolysis. | |||
*'''Hereditary etiologies of hemolytic anemia,''' such as G6PD deficiency, red blood cell membrane defects, or red blood cell enzyme defects, tend to manifest with lifelong symptoms, as these are difficult to cure. Patients with these types of hemolytic anemia have lifelong risk. | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia. | The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia. | ||
*Drug-induced hemolytic anemia: The prognosis of this type of anemia is typically favorable if the offending agent is discontinued. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:30, 16 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Natural History
The natural history depends on the etiology of the hemolytic anemia.
- Drug-induced hemolytic anemia tends to be transient, if the etiology is identified. Once the drug is introduced, the hemolysis typically begins within a few days. Once the offending agent is discontinued, the hemolysis begins to abate. There are typically no long-term complications from this type of hemolysis.
- Hereditary etiologies of hemolytic anemia, such as G6PD deficiency, red blood cell membrane defects, or red blood cell enzyme defects, tend to manifest with lifelong symptoms, as these are difficult to cure. Patients with these types of hemolytic anemia have lifelong risk.
Complications
The complications depend on the specific type of hemolytic anemia.
- Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse (failure of the heart and blood pressure, leading to death).
- Severe anemias can exacerbate heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.
- Severe anemia can result in transfusion dependence, in which a patient requires ongoing blood transfusions with packed red blood cells. Complications of transfusion include:
- Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- Iron overload, or hemosiderosis
- Transfusion reaction due to ABO blood group incompatibility
Prognosis
The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.
- Drug-induced hemolytic anemia: The prognosis of this type of anemia is typically favorable if the offending agent is discontinued.