Adrenolipoma overview: Difference between revisions
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Adrenolipomas are rare benign [[neoplasms]] that histologically consist of fat and bone marrow in varying proportions. In general, they are small, unilateral, and hormonally inactive. They are rich in [[adipose tissue]] and [[hematopoietic]] elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic. Adrenolipomas are usually detected incidentally in [[autopsy]] or by imaging studies performed for other reasons. Most tumors are unilateral, they show no predilection to one peculiar side. Symptoms of adrenolipoma include [[abdominal pain]], [[haematuria]], and [[abdominal fullness]]. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. | Adrenolipomas are rare benign [[neoplasms]] that histologically consist of fat and bone marrow in varying proportions. In general, they are small, unilateral, and hormonally inactive. They are rich in [[adipose tissue]] and [[hematopoietic]] elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic. Adrenolipomas are usually detected incidentally in [[autopsy]] or by imaging studies performed for other reasons. Most tumors are unilateral, they show no predilection to one peculiar side. Symptoms of adrenolipoma include [[abdominal pain]], [[haematuria]], and [[abdominal fullness]]. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Adrenolipoma was first discovered by Gierke in 1905.<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | Adrenolipoma was first discovered by Gierke in 1905.<ref name="radiopaedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
There is no classification system for adrenolipoma. | There is no classification system for adrenolipoma. | ||
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Adrenolipoma must be differentiated from [[retroperitoneal liposarcoma]], [[Teratoma|adrenal teratoma]], and [[adrenocortical carcinoma]]. | Adrenolipoma must be differentiated from [[retroperitoneal liposarcoma]], [[Teratoma|adrenal teratoma]], and [[adrenocortical carcinoma]]. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
The [[incidence]] of adrenolipoma is approximately 0.8-4 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Adrenolipoma affects men and women equally.<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | * The [[incidence]] of adrenolipoma is approximately 0.8-4 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
* Adrenolipoma affects men and women equally.<ref name="radiopaedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | |||
* Adrenolipomas are usually recognized in adults, either incidentally at ultrasound or computed topography or may present with vague abdominal symptoms if complicated by hemorrhage. | |||
* There is no gender predilection. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
There are no established risk factors. | There are no established risk factors. | ||
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There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for adrenolipoma. | There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for adrenolipoma. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Common complications of adrenolipoma include [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Conn syndrome]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] and [[retroperitoneal haemorrhage]].<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | Common complications of adrenolipoma include [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Conn syndrome]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] and [[retroperitoneal haemorrhage]].<ref name="radiopaedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
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On [[ultrasound]], adrenolipoma is characterized by heterogenous mass of mixed hyper- and hypoechoic components. | On [[ultrasound]], adrenolipoma is characterized by heterogenous mass of mixed hyper- and hypoechoic components. | ||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ||
Other diagnostic studies for adrenolipoma include [[FNA|fine needle aspiration]] and [[fluorodeoxyglucose]] uptake ([[FDG]]).<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | Other diagnostic studies for adrenolipoma include [[FNA|fine needle aspiration]] and [[fluorodeoxyglucose]] uptake ([[FDG]]).<ref name="radiopaedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
===Medical Therapy=== | ===Medical Therapy=== | ||
Revision as of 19:47, 22 April 2019
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Adrenolipoma overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Adrenolipoma overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]
Overview
Adrenolipomas are rare benign neoplasms that histologically consist of fat and bone marrow in varying proportions. In general, they are small, unilateral, and hormonally inactive. They are rich in adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic. Adrenolipomas are usually detected incidentally in autopsy or by imaging studies performed for other reasons. Most tumors are unilateral, they show no predilection to one peculiar side. Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal fullness. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.
Historical Perspective
Adrenolipoma was first discovered by Gierke in 1905.[1]
Classification
There is no classification system for adrenolipoma.
Pathophysiology
On gross pathology, central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim, is a characteristic finding of adrenolipoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, variable amounts of adipocytes and hematopietic cells are characteristic findings of adrenolipoma.
Causes
There are no established causes for adrenolipoma.
Differentiating Adrenolipoma from other Disease
Adrenolipoma must be differentiated from retroperitoneal liposarcoma, adrenal teratoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The incidence of adrenolipoma is approximately 0.8-4 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- Adrenolipoma affects men and women equally.[1]
- Adrenolipomas are usually recognized in adults, either incidentally at ultrasound or computed topography or may present with vague abdominal symptoms if complicated by hemorrhage.
- There is no gender predilection.
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors.
Screening
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for adrenolipoma.
Complications
Common complications of adrenolipoma include Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and retroperitoneal haemorrhage.[1]
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal fullness.
Laboratory Findings
There are no associated laboratory findings among the majority of patients with adrenolipoma.
Abdominal X-Ray
There are no abdominal X-ray findings associated with adrenolipoma.
CT
Abdominal CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.
MRI
Abdominals MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.
Ultrasonography
On ultrasound, adrenolipoma is characterized by heterogenous mass of mixed hyper- and hypoechoic components.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Other diagnostic studies for adrenolipoma include fine needle aspiration and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (FDG).[1]
Treatment
Medical Therapy
There is no treatment for adrenolipoma; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
Surgery
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of large adrenolipomas.
Primary Prevention
There are no preventive measurements available for adrenolipoma.