Whipple's disease epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Case-fatality rate=== | ===Case-fatality rate=== | ||
*The case-fatality rate of Whipple's disease is approximately 100%, if left untreated.<ref name="pmid9193452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durand DV, Lecomte C, Cathébras P, Rousset H, Godeau P |title=Whipple disease. Clinical review of 52 cases. The SNFMI Research Group on Whipple Disease. Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=170–84 |year=1997 |pmid=9193452 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *The case-fatality rate of Whipple's disease is approximately 100%, if left untreated.<ref name="pmid9193452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durand DV, Lecomte C, Cathébras P, Rousset H, Godeau P |title=Whipple disease. Clinical review of 52 cases. The SNFMI Research Group on Whipple Disease. Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=170–84 |year=1997 |pmid=9193452 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*The case-fatality rate of treated Whipple's disease is unknown.<ref name="MarthRaoult2003">{{cite journal|last1=Marth|first1=Thomas|last2=Raoult|first2=Didier|title=Whipple's disease|journal=The Lancet|volume=361|issue=9353|year=2003|pages=239–246|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12274-X}}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Whipple's disease commonly affects individuals between 40 to 60 years of age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.<ref name="Marth2015">{{cite journal|last1=Marth|first1=Thomas|title=<b><i>Tropheryma whipplei</i></b>, Immunosuppression and Whipple's Disease: From a Low-Pathogenic, Environmental Infectious Organism to a Rare, Multifaceted Inflammatory Complex|journal=Digestive Diseases|volume=33|issue=2|year=2015|pages=190–199|issn=0257-2753|doi=10.1159/000369538}}</ref> | *Whipple's disease commonly affects individuals between 40 to 60 years of age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.<ref name="Marth2015">{{cite journal|last1=Marth|first1=Thomas|title=<b><i>Tropheryma whipplei</i></b>, Immunosuppression and Whipple's Disease: From a Low-Pathogenic, Environmental Infectious Organism to a Rare, Multifaceted Inflammatory Complex|journal=Digestive Diseases|volume=33|issue=2|year=2015|pages=190–199|issn=0257-2753|doi=10.1159/000369538}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Whipple's disease is an extremely rare disease among middle-aged white males in North America and western Europe. It affects males 8 times more than females. Few studies were done to evaluate the demographics of Whipple's disease due to sparsity of the disease. It is a fatal disease, if left untreated.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of Whipple's disease is approximately 12 annually worldwide.[1]
- Between 1907 and 1987, the incidence of Whipple's disease was estimated to be 696 cases worldwide.[1]
- The incidence of Whipple's disease is approximately 1 per 1,000,000 individuals annually in north-western Italy.[2]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of Whipple's disease is approximately 3 per 1,000,000 individuals in north-western Italy.[2]
Case-fatality rate
- The case-fatality rate of Whipple's disease is approximately 100%, if left untreated.[3]
- The case-fatality rate of treated Whipple's disease is unknown.[4]
Age
- Whipple's disease commonly affects individuals between 40 to 60 years of age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.[5]
Race
- Whipple's disease usually affects individuals of the caucasian race. Africans and Asians are less likely to develop Whipple's disease.[6]
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected by Whipple's disease than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 8 to 1.[5]
Region
- The majority of Whipple's disease cases are reported in North America and western Europe.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dobbins W, III. 1987. Whipple’s disease. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, IL.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Biagi, F.; Balduzzi, D.; Delvino, P.; Schiepatti, A.; Klersy, C.; Corazza, G. R. (2015). "Prevalence of Whipple's disease in north-western Italy". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 34 (7): 1347–1348. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2357-2. ISSN 0934-9723.
- ↑ Durand DV, Lecomte C, Cathébras P, Rousset H, Godeau P (1997). "Whipple disease. Clinical review of 52 cases. The SNFMI Research Group on Whipple Disease. Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne". Medicine (Baltimore). 76 (3): 170–84. PMID 9193452.
- ↑ Marth, Thomas; Raoult, Didier (2003). "Whipple's disease". The Lancet. 361 (9353): 239–246. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12274-X. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marth, Thomas (2015). "Tropheryma whipplei, Immunosuppression and Whipple's Disease: From a Low-Pathogenic, Environmental Infectious Organism to a Rare, Multifaceted Inflammatory Complex". Digestive Diseases. 33 (2): 190–199. doi:10.1159/000369538. ISSN 0257-2753.
- ↑ Dolmans, Ruben A. V.; Boel, C. H. Edwin; Lacle, Miangela M.; Kusters, Johannes G. (2017). "Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 30 (2): 529–555. doi:10.1128/CMR.00033-16. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Fenollar, Florence; Puéchal, Xavier; Raoult, Didier (2007). "Whipple's Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1056/NEJMra062477. ISSN 0028-4793.