Carcinoid syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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==Echocardiography== | ==Echocardiography== | ||
=Transthoracic echocardiography= | |||
*It is the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.<ref name="pmid7681733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK |title=Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients |journal=Circulation |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1188–96 |date=April 1993 |pmid=7681733 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and high suspicion of carcinoid heart disease such as clinical features or raised NT-proBNP and/or 5-HIAA levels. | |||
*Findings includes followings: | |||
#Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients. | |||
#Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps. | |||
=Transesophageal echocardiography= | |||
*TEE is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with carcinoid heart disease during valve replacement surgery. | |||
*TEE may provide incremental assessment of the degree of cardiac valve involvement and the atrial septal anatomy in patients with carcinoid heart disease. | |||
=Cardiac magnetic resonance==<ref name="pmid16272847">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bastarrika G, Cao MG, Cano D, Barba J, de Buruaga JD |title=Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=756–9 |date=2005 |pmid=16272847 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*It can be used to evaluate the pulmonary valve, identify cardiac metastases, and assess right ventricular size and function. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 23:48, 4 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no echocardiography findings associated with carcinoid syndrome.
Echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography
- It is the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.[1]
- Should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and high suspicion of carcinoid heart disease such as clinical features or raised NT-proBNP and/or 5-HIAA levels.
- Findings includes followings:
- Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients.
- Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps.
Transesophageal echocardiography
- TEE is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with carcinoid heart disease during valve replacement surgery.
- TEE may provide incremental assessment of the degree of cardiac valve involvement and the atrial septal anatomy in patients with carcinoid heart disease.
=Cardiac magnetic resonance==[2]
- It can be used to evaluate the pulmonary valve, identify cardiac metastases, and assess right ventricular size and function.
References
- ↑ Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK (April 1993). "Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients". Circulation. 87 (4): 1188–96. PMID 7681733.
- ↑ Bastarrika G, Cao MG, Cano D, Barba J, de Buruaga JD (2005). "Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29 (6): 756–9. PMID 16272847.