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==X Ray Findings==
==X Ray Findings==
*Enchondroma is usually asymptomatic and diagnosis is made during a routine physical examination or when a tumor leads to a [[fracture]].  
*An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of chondroma. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of chondroma include:
**The bones most often involved with this [[benign]] tumor are the miniature long bones of the hands and feet. Enchondroma may, however, also involve other bones such as the [[femur]], [[humerus]], or [[tibia]].<ref name=ma>Enchondroma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015.</ref>
**Well-defined or sclerotic border
**On x rays, enchondroma is characterized by [[lytic]] lesions that contain calcified chondroid matrix (a "rings and arcs" pattern of calcification), except in the [[phalanges]].
**Sharp zone of transition
**Enchondroma may be central, [[eccentric]], [[expansile]] or nonexpansile.<ref name=ma>Enchondroma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015.</ref>
**Small size or multiple lesions
*Periosteal chondroma most often involves long tubular bones, mostly proximal [[humerus]] and distal [[femur]] (70%), although it may involve the short tubular bones of the hand such as the [[phalanges]] (25%).<ref name=jn>Juxta cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015</ref>
**Confinement by natural barriers
**On x rays, periosteal chondroma is characterized by matrix [[calcification]] with ring and arc pattern, as with all chondroid lesions, and saucerisation of the adjacent bony cortex with a sclerotic periosteal reaction and elevation of [[subperiosteum]].<ref name=jn>Juxta cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015</ref>
**Lack of destruction of the cortex
 
**Lack of extension into the soft tissue
<gallery>
*Findings on an x-ray suggestive of more aggresive lesion include:
Image:Enchondrom_Femur.png|X-ray showing calcified enchondroma in left femur.<ref>Enchondroma. Wikimedia commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enchondroma#/media/File:Enchondrom_Femur.png Accessed on January 4, 2016.</ref>
**Poor definition
 
**Cortical destruction ("moth-eaten" or permeative pattern)
Image:Enchondrom_Finger.png|Enchondroma in 2nd phalanx of the little finger.<ref>Enchondroma. Wikimedia commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enchondroma#/media/File:Enchondrom_Finger.png Accessed on January 4, 2016.</ref>
**Spiculated or interrupted periosteal reaction
 
**Extension into the soft tissue
Image:Enchondroma-with-pathological-fracture-front.jpg|Left middle finger mass, frontal view x-ray: Multiple benign-appearing cartilaginous fragments, in keeping with enchondroma.<ref name=pf>Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/enchondroma-with-pathological-fracture. Accessed on January 4, 2016</ref>
**Large size
 
Image:Enchondroma-with-pathological-fracture_lat.jpg|Left middle finger mass, frontal view x-ray: Multiple benign-appearing cartilaginous fragments, in keeping with enchondroma.<ref name=pf>Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/enchondroma-with-pathological-fracture. Accessed on January 4, 2016</ref>
 
Image:Juxtacort-chondrom-AP.jpg|Anteroposterior radiograph of juxtacortical chondroma of left index finger reveals saucerization of the underlying cortex and a rim of sclerosis on the radial surface of the proximal phalanx.<ref>Juxtacortical chondroma. Hindawi. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/crior/2014/763480/fig2/ Accessed on January 4, 2016.</ref>
 
Image:Extraskeletal_chondroma_of_the_ulnar_wrist.jpg|Soft-tissue mass between the triquetrum and the base of the Vth metacarpal with bony erosions.<ref>Extraskeletal chondroma of the ulnar wrist. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/extraskeletal-chondroma-of-the-ulnar-wrist Accessed on January 5, 2016</ref>
 
</gallery>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:24, 18 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

On x rays, enchondroma is characterized by lytic lesions that contain calcified chondroid matrix.[1] On x rays, periosteal chondroma is characterized by matrix calcification with ring and arc pattern and saucerisation of the adjacent bony cortex with a sclerotic periosteal reaction.[2]

X Ray Findings

  • An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of chondroma. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of chondroma include:
    • Well-defined or sclerotic border
    • Sharp zone of transition
    • Small size or multiple lesions
    • Confinement by natural barriers
    • Lack of destruction of the cortex
    • Lack of extension into the soft tissue
  • Findings on an x-ray suggestive of more aggresive lesion include:
    • Poor definition
    • Cortical destruction ("moth-eaten" or permeative pattern)
    • Spiculated or interrupted periosteal reaction
    • Extension into the soft tissue
    • Large size

References

  1. ↑ Enchondroma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015.
  2. ↑ Juxta cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 22, 2015


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