Pancreatic cancer differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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==Differentiating Pancreatic Cancer from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Pancreatic Cancer from other Diseases==


The differentials for [[pancreatic cancer]] mainly involve pathologies of the [[pancreas]], [[bile duct]], [[duodenum]], lymphovascular tissue or [[metastasis]] from other sites:<ref name="pmid29029521">{{cite journal |vauthors=He XK, Ding Y, Sun LM |title=Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: an updated meta-analysis |journal=Oncotarget |volume=8 |issue=39 |pages=66392–66401 |year=2017 |pmid=29029521 |pmc=5630421 |doi=10.18632/oncotarget.18915 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29022085">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steinman J, Zaheer A, Kluger MD, Remotti H, Hecht EM |title=Rare pancreatic tumors |journal=Abdom Radiol (NY) |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29022085 |doi=10.1007/s00261-017-1342-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28700485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ran L, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Bu H |title=Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of solid lesions of pancreas (SLP): A systematic review and a meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=96 |issue=28 |pages=e7463 |year=2017 |pmid=28700485 |pmc=5515757 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007463 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28216481">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kołodziejczyk E, Wejnarska K, Oracz G |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis in the paediatric population - review of the literature and own experience |journal=Dev Period Med |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=279–286 |year=2016 |pmid=28216481 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28197876">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu L, Xue HD, Liu W, Wang X, Sui X, Wang Q, Zhang D, Li P, Jin ZY |title=Enhancing pancreatic mass with normal serum CA19-9: key MDCT features to characterize pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours from its mimics |journal=Radiol Med |volume=122 |issue=5 |pages=337–344 |year=2017 |pmid=28197876 |doi=10.1007/s11547-017-0734-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28154274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sano I, Katanuma A, Yane K, Kin T, Nagai K, Yamazaki H, Koga H, Kitagawa K, Yokoyama K, Ikarashi S, Takahashi K, Maguchi H, Omori Y, Shinohara T |title=Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=301–305 |year=2017 |pmid=28154274 |pmc=5348454 |doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7213 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27926362">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salaria SN, Shi C |title=Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |journal=Surg Pathol Clin |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=595–617 |year=2016 |pmid=27926362 |doi=10.1016/j.path.2016.05.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27803081">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kawasaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Tanaka N |title=Renal neuroendocrine tumour and synchronous pancreas metastasis: histopathological diagnosis using prostatic acid phosphatase |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2016 |issue= |pages= |year=2016 |pmid=27803081 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2016-214759 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27673319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nassour I, Choti MA |title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms |journal=JAMA |volume=316 |issue=12 |pages=1326 |year=2016 |pmid=27673319 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.9130 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28418702">{{cite journal |vauthors=Javadi S, Menias CO, Korivi BR, Shaaban AM, Patnana M, Alhalabi K, Elsayes KM |title=Pancreatic Calcifications and Calcified Pancreatic Masses: Pattern Recognition Approach on CT |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=209 |issue=1 |pages=77–87 |year=2017 |pmid=28418702 |doi=10.2214/AJR.17.17862 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27807633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bergmann F |title=[Pancreatic acinar neoplasms : Comparative molecular characterization] |language=German |journal=Pathologe |volume=37 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=191–195 |year=2016 |pmid=27807633 |doi=10.1007/s00292-016-0235-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27232353">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheng SK, Chuah KL |title=Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Pancreas: A Review |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=140 |issue=6 |pages=598–602 |year=2016 |pmid=27232353 |doi=10.5858/arpa.2015-0135-RS |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27000276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haage P, Schwartz CA, Scharwächter C |title=[Ductal adenocarcinoma and unusual differential diagnosis] |language=German |journal=Radiologe |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=325–37 |year=2016 |pmid=27000276 |doi=10.1007/s00117-016-0090-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26777740">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scialpi M, Reginelli A, D'Andrea A, Gravante S, Falcone G, Baccari P, Manganaro L, Palumbo B, Cappabianca S |title=Pancreatic tumors imaging: An update |journal=Int J Surg |volume=28 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S142–55 |year=2016 |pmid=26777740 |doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.053 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25799073">{{cite journal |vauthors=Senosiain Lalastra C, Foruny Olcina JR |title=[Autoimmune pancreatitis] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=549–55 |year=2015 |pmid=25799073 |doi=10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.01.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25638877">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barbier L, Delpero JR |title=[Pancreatic tumours] |language=French |journal=Rev Prat |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=1307–12 |year=2014 |pmid=25638877 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25288201">{{cite journal |vauthors=Díte P, Uvírová M, Bojková M, Novotný I, Dvorácková J, Kianicka B, Nechutová H, Dovrtelová L, Floreánová K, Martínek A |title=Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer |journal=Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=247–53 |year=2014 |pmid=25288201 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25063236">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lalwani N, Mannelli L, Ganeshan DM, Shanbhogue AK, Dighe MK, Tiwari HA, Maximin S, Monti S, Ragucci M, Prasad SR |title=Uncommon pancreatic tumors and pseudotumors |journal=Abdom Imaging |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=167–80 |year=2015 |pmid=25063236 |doi=10.1007/s00261-014-0189-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24572485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dite P, Nechutova H, Uvirova M, Dvorackova J, Kianicka B, Martinek A |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis |journal=Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=17–22 |year=2014 |pmid=24572485 |doi=10.5507/bp.2013.094 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24242859">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mastoraki A, Tzortzopoulou A, Tsela S, Danias N, Sakorafas G, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N |title=Hereditary pancreatitis: dilemmas in differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach |journal=J Gastrointest Cancer |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=22–6 |year=2014 |pmid=24242859 |doi=10.1007/s12029-013-9559-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24193862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beyer G, Menzel J, Krüger PC, Ribback S, Lerch MM, Mayerle J |title=[Autoimmune pancreatitis] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. |volume=138 |issue=46 |pages=2359–70; quiz 2371–4 |year=2013 |pmid=24193862 |doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349475 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24060833">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Hawary MM, Kaza RK, Azar SF, Ruma JA, Francis IR |title=Mimics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |journal=Cancer Imaging |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=342–9 |year=2013 |pmid=24060833 |pmc=3800430 |doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2013.9012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23918083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bednar F, Scheiman JM, McKenna BJ, Simeone DM |title=Breast cancer metastases to the pancreas |journal=J. Gastrointest. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=1826–31 |year=2013 |pmid=23918083 |doi=10.1007/s11605-013-2291-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23852141">{{cite journal |vauthors=DiMagno MJ, DiMagno EP |title=Chronic pancreatitis |journal=Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=531–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23852141 |pmc=4387887 |doi=10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283639370 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28831506">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger AW, Seufferlein T, Kleger A |title=[Cystic pancreatic tumors: diagnostics and new biomarkers] |language=German |journal=Chirurg |volume=88 |issue=11 |pages=905–912 |year=2017 |pmid=28831506 |doi=10.1007/s00104-017-0493-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27840080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nougaret S, Mannelli L, Pierredon MA, Schembri V, Guiu B |title=Cystic pancreatic lesions: From increased diagnosis rate to new dilemmas |journal=Diagn Interv Imaging |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=1275–1285 |year=2016 |pmid=27840080 |doi=10.1016/j.diii.2016.08.017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28858107">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu MM, Yin S, Siddiqui AA, Salem RR, Schrope B, Sethi A, Poneros JM, Gress FG, Genkinger JM, Do C, Brooks CA, Chabot JA, Kluger MD, Kowalski T, Loren DE, Aslanian H, Farrell JJ, Gonda TA |title=Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of three current guidelines for the evaluation of asymptomatic pancreatic cystic neoplasms |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=96 |issue=35 |pages=e7900 |year=2017 |pmid=28858107 |pmc=5585501 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007900 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26818541">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dong J, Cong L, Zhang TP, Zhao YP |title=Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma |journal=HBPD INT |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=30–8 |year=2016 |pmid=26818541 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
The differentials for [[pancreatic cancer]] mainly involve pathologies of the [[pancreas]], [[bile duct]], [[duodenum]], lymphovascular tissue or [[metastasis]] from other sites. It is difficult to differentiate pancreatic cancer from other neoplasms as they all present with non specific constitutional symptoms. Hence, differentiation is primarily based on investigations:<ref name="pmid29029521">{{cite journal |vauthors=He XK, Ding Y, Sun LM |title=Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: an updated meta-analysis |journal=Oncotarget |volume=8 |issue=39 |pages=66392–66401 |year=2017 |pmid=29029521 |pmc=5630421 |doi=10.18632/oncotarget.18915 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29022085">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steinman J, Zaheer A, Kluger MD, Remotti H, Hecht EM |title=Rare pancreatic tumors |journal=Abdom Radiol (NY) |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29022085 |doi=10.1007/s00261-017-1342-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28700485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ran L, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Bu H |title=Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of solid lesions of pancreas (SLP): A systematic review and a meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=96 |issue=28 |pages=e7463 |year=2017 |pmid=28700485 |pmc=5515757 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007463 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28216481">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kołodziejczyk E, Wejnarska K, Oracz G |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis in the paediatric population - review of the literature and own experience |journal=Dev Period Med |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=279–286 |year=2016 |pmid=28216481 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28197876">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu L, Xue HD, Liu W, Wang X, Sui X, Wang Q, Zhang D, Li P, Jin ZY |title=Enhancing pancreatic mass with normal serum CA19-9: key MDCT features to characterize pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours from its mimics |journal=Radiol Med |volume=122 |issue=5 |pages=337–344 |year=2017 |pmid=28197876 |doi=10.1007/s11547-017-0734-x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28154274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sano I, Katanuma A, Yane K, Kin T, Nagai K, Yamazaki H, Koga H, Kitagawa K, Yokoyama K, Ikarashi S, Takahashi K, Maguchi H, Omori Y, Shinohara T |title=Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=301–305 |year=2017 |pmid=28154274 |pmc=5348454 |doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7213 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27926362">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salaria SN, Shi C |title=Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |journal=Surg Pathol Clin |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=595–617 |year=2016 |pmid=27926362 |doi=10.1016/j.path.2016.05.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27803081">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kawasaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Tanaka N |title=Renal neuroendocrine tumour and synchronous pancreas metastasis: histopathological diagnosis using prostatic acid phosphatase |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2016 |issue= |pages= |year=2016 |pmid=27803081 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2016-214759 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27673319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nassour I, Choti MA |title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms |journal=JAMA |volume=316 |issue=12 |pages=1326 |year=2016 |pmid=27673319 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.9130 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28418702">{{cite journal |vauthors=Javadi S, Menias CO, Korivi BR, Shaaban AM, Patnana M, Alhalabi K, Elsayes KM |title=Pancreatic Calcifications and Calcified Pancreatic Masses: Pattern Recognition Approach on CT |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=209 |issue=1 |pages=77–87 |year=2017 |pmid=28418702 |doi=10.2214/AJR.17.17862 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27807633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bergmann F |title=[Pancreatic acinar neoplasms : Comparative molecular characterization] |language=German |journal=Pathologe |volume=37 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=191–195 |year=2016 |pmid=27807633 |doi=10.1007/s00292-016-0235-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27232353">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheng SK, Chuah KL |title=Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Pancreas: A Review |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=140 |issue=6 |pages=598–602 |year=2016 |pmid=27232353 |doi=10.5858/arpa.2015-0135-RS |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27000276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haage P, Schwartz CA, Scharwächter C |title=[Ductal adenocarcinoma and unusual differential diagnosis] |language=German |journal=Radiologe |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=325–37 |year=2016 |pmid=27000276 |doi=10.1007/s00117-016-0090-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26777740">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scialpi M, Reginelli A, D'Andrea A, Gravante S, Falcone G, Baccari P, Manganaro L, Palumbo B, Cappabianca S |title=Pancreatic tumors imaging: An update |journal=Int J Surg |volume=28 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S142–55 |year=2016 |pmid=26777740 |doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.053 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25799073">{{cite journal |vauthors=Senosiain Lalastra C, Foruny Olcina JR |title=[Autoimmune pancreatitis] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=549–55 |year=2015 |pmid=25799073 |doi=10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.01.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25638877">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barbier L, Delpero JR |title=[Pancreatic tumours] |language=French |journal=Rev Prat |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=1307–12 |year=2014 |pmid=25638877 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25288201">{{cite journal |vauthors=Díte P, Uvírová M, Bojková M, Novotný I, Dvorácková J, Kianicka B, Nechutová H, Dovrtelová L, Floreánová K, Martínek A |title=Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer |journal=Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=247–53 |year=2014 |pmid=25288201 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25063236">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lalwani N, Mannelli L, Ganeshan DM, Shanbhogue AK, Dighe MK, Tiwari HA, Maximin S, Monti S, Ragucci M, Prasad SR |title=Uncommon pancreatic tumors and pseudotumors |journal=Abdom Imaging |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=167–80 |year=2015 |pmid=25063236 |doi=10.1007/s00261-014-0189-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24572485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dite P, Nechutova H, Uvirova M, Dvorackova J, Kianicka B, Martinek A |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis |journal=Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=17–22 |year=2014 |pmid=24572485 |doi=10.5507/bp.2013.094 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24242859">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mastoraki A, Tzortzopoulou A, Tsela S, Danias N, Sakorafas G, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N |title=Hereditary pancreatitis: dilemmas in differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach |journal=J Gastrointest Cancer |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=22–6 |year=2014 |pmid=24242859 |doi=10.1007/s12029-013-9559-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24193862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beyer G, Menzel J, Krüger PC, Ribback S, Lerch MM, Mayerle J |title=[Autoimmune pancreatitis] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. |volume=138 |issue=46 |pages=2359–70; quiz 2371–4 |year=2013 |pmid=24193862 |doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349475 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24060833">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Hawary MM, Kaza RK, Azar SF, Ruma JA, Francis IR |title=Mimics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |journal=Cancer Imaging |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=342–9 |year=2013 |pmid=24060833 |pmc=3800430 |doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2013.9012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23918083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bednar F, Scheiman JM, McKenna BJ, Simeone DM |title=Breast cancer metastases to the pancreas |journal=J. Gastrointest. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=1826–31 |year=2013 |pmid=23918083 |doi=10.1007/s11605-013-2291-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23852141">{{cite journal |vauthors=DiMagno MJ, DiMagno EP |title=Chronic pancreatitis |journal=Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=531–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23852141 |pmc=4387887 |doi=10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283639370 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28831506">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger AW, Seufferlein T, Kleger A |title=[Cystic pancreatic tumors: diagnostics and new biomarkers] |language=German |journal=Chirurg |volume=88 |issue=11 |pages=905–912 |year=2017 |pmid=28831506 |doi=10.1007/s00104-017-0493-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27840080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nougaret S, Mannelli L, Pierredon MA, Schembri V, Guiu B |title=Cystic pancreatic lesions: From increased diagnosis rate to new dilemmas |journal=Diagn Interv Imaging |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=1275–1285 |year=2016 |pmid=27840080 |doi=10.1016/j.diii.2016.08.017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28858107">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu MM, Yin S, Siddiqui AA, Salem RR, Schrope B, Sethi A, Poneros JM, Gress FG, Genkinger JM, Do C, Brooks CA, Chabot JA, Kluger MD, Kowalski T, Loren DE, Aslanian H, Farrell JJ, Gonda TA |title=Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of three current guidelines for the evaluation of asymptomatic pancreatic cystic neoplasms |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=96 |issue=35 |pages=e7900 |year=2017 |pmid=28858107 |pmc=5585501 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000007900 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26818541">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dong J, Cong L, Zhang TP, Zhao YP |title=Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma |journal=HBPD INT |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=30–8 |year=2016 |pmid=26818541 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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Revision as of 20:08, 15 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]

Overview

Pancreatic cancer must be differentiated from other pancreatic pathologies such as chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Pathologies of the bile duct and duodenum such as Choledocholithiasis, gallstones (Cholelithiasis), Choledochal Cysts, Cholangiocarcinoma, Bile duct strictures and ampullary cancer should be differentiated from pancreatic cancer based on imaging and biopsy findings. Metastasis from different sites and vascular causes such as abdominal aortic aneurysms may also mimic pancreatic cancer.

Differentiating Pancreatic Cancer from other Diseases

The differentials for pancreatic cancer mainly involve pathologies of the pancreas, bile duct, duodenum, lymphovascular tissue or metastasis from other sites. It is difficult to differentiate pancreatic cancer from other neoplasms as they all present with non specific constitutional symptoms. Hence, differentiation is primarily based on investigations:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

Origin Disease Differentiation based on Investigations
Pancreas
Bile duct
Duodenum
Lymphovascular

tissue

Metastasis

References

  1. He XK, Ding Y, Sun LM (2017). "Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: an updated meta-analysis". Oncotarget. 8 (39): 66392–66401. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18915. PMC 5630421. PMID 29029521.
  2. Steinman J, Zaheer A, Kluger MD, Remotti H, Hecht EM (2017). "Rare pancreatic tumors". Abdom Radiol (NY). doi:10.1007/s00261-017-1342-x. PMID 29022085.
  3. Ran L, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Bu H (2017). "Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of solid lesions of pancreas (SLP): A systematic review and a meta-analysis". Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (28): e7463. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007463. PMC 5515757. PMID 28700485.
  4. Kołodziejczyk E, Wejnarska K, Oracz G (2016). "Autoimmune pancreatitis in the paediatric population - review of the literature and own experience". Dev Period Med. 20 (4): 279–286. PMID 28216481.
  5. Zhu L, Xue HD, Liu W, Wang X, Sui X, Wang Q, Zhang D, Li P, Jin ZY (2017). "Enhancing pancreatic mass with normal serum CA19-9: key MDCT features to characterize pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours from its mimics". Radiol Med. 122 (5): 337–344. doi:10.1007/s11547-017-0734-x. PMID 28197876.
  6. Sano I, Katanuma A, Yane K, Kin T, Nagai K, Yamazaki H, Koga H, Kitagawa K, Yokoyama K, Ikarashi S, Takahashi K, Maguchi H, Omori Y, Shinohara T (2017). "Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)". Intern. Med. 56 (3): 301–305. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7213. PMC 5348454. PMID 28154274.
  7. Salaria SN, Shi C (2016). "Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors". Surg Pathol Clin. 9 (4): 595–617. doi:10.1016/j.path.2016.05.006. PMID 27926362.
  8. Kawasaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Tanaka N (2016). "Renal neuroendocrine tumour and synchronous pancreas metastasis: histopathological diagnosis using prostatic acid phosphatase". BMJ Case Rep. 2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-214759. PMID 27803081.
  9. Nassour I, Choti MA (2016). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms". JAMA. 316 (12): 1326. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9130. PMID 27673319.
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