Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]]. It is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. | There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]]. It is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]]. | ||
==Diagnostic Criteria== | ==Diagnostic Criteria== | ||
*There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]].<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12379069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN |title=Breast cancer in men |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=8 |pages=678–87 |year=2002 |pmid=12379069 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11425067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH |title=The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=96–100 |year=2001 |pmid=11425067 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20571799">{{cite journal| author=Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M| title=Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2797-805 | pmid=20571799 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20571799 }} </ref> | *There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]].<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12379069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN |title=Breast cancer in men |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=8 |pages=678–87 |year=2002 |pmid=12379069 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11425067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH |title=The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=96–100 |year=2001 |pmid=11425067 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20571799">{{cite journal| author=Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M| title=Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2797-805 | pmid=20571799 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20571799 }} </ref> | ||
*The diagnosis of gynecomastia is primarily based on [[clinical examination]] which helps to differentiate it from pseudo gynecomastia and [[breast cancer]]. | *The diagnosis of gynecomastia is primarily based on [[clinical examination]] which helps to differentiate it from pseudo gynecomastia and [[breast cancer]]. | ||
*Imaging, such as a [[mammography|mammogram]] or [[ultrasound]] can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]]. | *Imaging, such as a [[mammography|mammogram]] or [[ultrasound]] can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]]. | ||
Revision as of 23:36, 15 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia. It is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A diagnostic mammogram has a 90 percent sensitivity and specificity.
Diagnostic Criteria
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia.[1][2][3][4]
- The diagnosis of gynecomastia is primarily based on clinical examination which helps to differentiate it from pseudo gynecomastia and breast cancer.
- Imaging, such as a mammogram or ultrasound can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. A diagnostic mammogram has a 90 percent sensitivity and specificity.
References
- ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
- ↑ Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002). "Breast cancer in men". Ann. Intern. Med. 137 (8): 678–87. PMID 12379069.
- ↑ Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH (2001). "The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease". Am. J. Surg. 181 (2): 96–100. PMID 11425067.
- ↑ Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M (2010). "Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease". Eur Radiol. 20 (12): 2797–805. doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7. PMID 20571799.