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The most common causes of Gastritis include H. pylori infection, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, extended use of NSAIDs and autoimmune gastritis. Less common causes of Gastritis include cocaine addiction, bile reflux, and Crohn's disease. | The most common causes of Gastritis include [[Helicobacter pylori|H. pylori]] infection, [[alcohol]] consumption, [[cigarette]] smoking, extended use of [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]] and autoimmune gastritis. Less common causes of Gastritis include [[cocaine]] addiction, bile reflux, and [[Crohn's disease]]. | ||
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | ==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | ||
Revision as of 13:03, 17 November 2017
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Gastritis Microchapters |
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Gastritis overview On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The word comes from the Greek gastro- meaning of the stomach and -itis meaning inflammation. Depending on the cause, it may persist acutely or chronically and may coincide with more serious conditions such as atrophy of the stomach.
Historical Perspective
In 1728, a German physician named Georg Ernst Stahl first used the term "gastritis" to describe inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach.
Classification
Classification and grading of Gastritis based on the Updated Sydney System emphasizes the importance of combining topographical, morphological, and etiological information into a schema that would help to generate reproducible and clinically useful diagnoses. In clinical practice, Gastritis staging is done using the OLGA (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) staging system for reporting gastric histology. Gastritis staging integrates the atrophy score (obtained by biopsy) and the atrophy topography (achieved through directed biopsy mapping).
Pathophysiology
Gastritis depending on the causes may be classified into acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and H.pylori associated gastritis. In acute gastritis, the majority of patients, the initial acute phase of gastritis is subclinical and is of short duration (about 7 to 10 days). Acute gastritis also referred to as reactive gastritis occurs as a result of the trigger by factors such as NSAIDs, stress, bile reflux, radiation, alcohol abuse, cocaine addiction and ischemic damage. In chronic gastritis, the H. pylori infection persists leading to accumulation of large number chronic inflammatory cells leading to active chronic gastritis.
Causes
The most common causes of Gastritis include H. pylori infection, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, extended use of NSAIDs and autoimmune gastritis. Less common causes of Gastritis include cocaine addiction, bile reflux, and Crohn's disease.
Differentiating Gastritis overview from Other Diseases
Gastritis must be differentiated from peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroenteritis and Crohn's disease
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of Gastritis include alcohol, NSAIDs, cocaine, autoimmune gastritis, Crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS and bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori.
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Symptoms of gastritis may be silent or manifest as abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding.