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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKK}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKK}} |
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| Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a [[diagnosis]] of peptic ulcer disease. It provides insight into the [[Causality|cause]], precipitating factors and associated [[comorbid]] conditions.
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| ===Past Medical History===
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| *A history of [[epigastric pain]], [[dyspepsia]], or prior [[peptic ulcer]] may suggest the [[Diagnosis-related group|diagnosis]] of [[peptic ulcer disease]].<ref name="LaineSolomon2016">{{cite journal|last1=Laine|first1=Loren|last2=Solomon|first2=Caren G.|title=Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Peptic Ulcer|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=374|issue=24|year=2016|pages=2367–2376|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1514257}}</ref>
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| ===Medication History===
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| *Prior use of [[aspirin]] or [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) is important because these patients have an increased risk of [[gastric ulcer]] and a fourfold risk of significant [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI]] [[bleeding]] compared with other patients.<ref name="pmid5303551">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goulston K, Cooke AR |title=Alcohol, aspirin, and gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Br Med J |volume=4 |issue=5632 |pages=664–5 |year=1968 |pmid=5303551 |pmc=1912769 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| ===Social History===
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| *Alcoholics also frequently have [[peptic ulcers]] or [[gastritis]].<ref name="pmid2226291">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacMath TL |title=Alcohol and gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=859–72 |year=1990 |pmid=2226291 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5303551">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goulston K, Cooke AR |title=Alcohol, aspirin, and gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Br Med J |volume=4 |issue=5632 |pages=664–5 |year=1968 |pmid=5303551 |pmc=1912769 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| *[[Cigarette smoke|Cigarette smokers]] have a significantly higher rate of the recurrent [[duodenal ulcer]] as compared with nonsmokers and a history of [[cigarette smoking]] should be elicited<ref name="pmid28839832">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jafar W, Jafar AJN, Sharma A |title=Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: an update |journal=Frontline Gastroenterol |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=32–40 |year=2016 |pmid=28839832 |pmc=5369541 |doi=10.1136/flgastro-2014-100492 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17942452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Palmer K |title=Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage |journal=Br. Med. Bull. |volume=83 |issue= |pages=307–24 |year=2007 |pmid=17942452 |doi=10.1093/bmb/ldm023 |url=}}</ref>
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| ===Family History===
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| ==References==
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| * References should be cited for the material that you have put on your page. Type in <nowiki>{{reflist|2}}</nowiki>.This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract.
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| * For information on how to add references into your page, click [[Help:Adding References to Articles|here]].<references />
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Revision as of 18:40, 20 November 2017