Gastrointestinal varices causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Causes of gastointestinal varices include all the causes of increased [[Portal venous system|portal venous pressure]], which may be divided into [[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] and non-[[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] causes. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
*Gastrointestinal varices (especially esophageal and gastric) are due to increased pressure in the portal venous system | *Gastrointestinal varices (especially esophageal and gastric) are due to increased pressure in the [[portal venous system]] | ||
*The major causes of portal hypertension may be broadly categorized into cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic | *The major causes of [[portal hypertension]] may be broadly categorized into [[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] and non-[[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] | ||
===Cirrhotic causes=== | ===Cirrhotic causes=== | ||
*Chronic hepatitis (B or C) | *[[Chronic hepatitis]] ([[Hepatitis B|B]] or [[Hepatitis C|C]]) | ||
===Non-cirrhotic causes=== | ===Non-cirrhotic causes=== | ||
'''Pre-hepatic causes''' | '''Pre-hepatic causes''' | ||
*Portal vein thrombosis | *[[Portal vein thrombosis]] | ||
*Splenic vein thrombosis | *[[Splenic vein thrombosis]] | ||
*Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula | *[[Splanchnic]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] | ||
*Splenomegaly (eg, from lymphoma, Gaucher's disease | *[[Splenomegaly]] (eg, from [[lymphoma]], [[Gaucher's disease]]) | ||
'''Intrahepatic causes''' | '''Intrahepatic causes''' | ||
*Presinusoidal: | *Presinusoidal: | ||
**Schistosomiasis | **[[Schistosomiasis]] | ||
**Idiopathic | **Idiopathic non-[[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] [[portal hypertension]] (including nodular regenerative [[hyperplasia]]) | ||
**Primary biliary | **[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] | ||
**Sarcoidosis | **[[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
**Congenital hepatic fibrosis | **[[Congenital hepatic fibrosis]] | ||
**Primary sclerosing cholangitis | **[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]] | ||
**Hepatic arteriopetal fistula | **[[Hepatic]] arteriopetal [[fistula]] | ||
**Adult polycystic liver disease | **Adult [[polycystic liver disease]] | ||
**Arteriovenous fistulas | **[[Arteriovenous fistula|Arteriovenous fistulas]] | ||
**Autoimmune cholangiopathy | **[[Autoimmune]] cholangiopathy | ||
**Vinyl chloride toxicity | **[[Vinyl chloride]] toxicity | ||
**Neoplastic occlusion of the | **[[Neoplastic]] occlusion of the intra-[[hepatic]] [[portal vein]] | ||
**Mineral oil granuloma | **Mineral oil [[granuloma]] | ||
*Sinusoidal: | *Sinusoidal: | ||
**Arsenic poisoning | **[[Arsenic]] poisoning | ||
**Vinyl chloride toxicity | **[[Vinyl chloride]] toxicity | ||
**Drugs (eg, amiodarone, methotrexate) | **Drugs (eg, [[amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]]) | ||
**Alcoholic liver disease | **[[Alcoholic liver disease]] | ||
**Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | **[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease|Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]] | ||
**Gaucher's disease | **[[Gaucher's disease]] | ||
**Zellweger syndrome | **[[Zellweger syndrome]] | ||
**Viral hepatitis | **[[Viral hepatitis]] | ||
**Chronic Q fever | **[[Q fever|Chronic Q fever]] | ||
**Schistosomiasis | **[[Schistosomiasis]] | ||
**Amyloid or light-chain deposition in the space of Disse | **[[Amyloid]] or light-chain deposition in the [[space of Disse]] | ||
**Acute hepatic injury | **Acute [[hepatic]] injury | ||
**Mastocytosis | **[[Mastocytosis]] | ||
**Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia | **Agnogenic [[myeloid]] [[metaplasia]] | ||
**Acute fatty liver of pregnancy | **[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | ||
*Postsinusoidal: | *Postsinusoidal: | ||
**Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (venoocclusive disease) | **[[Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome]] ([[Veno-occlusive disease|venoocclusive disease]]) | ||
**Budd-Chiari syndrome | **[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]] | ||
**Alcoholic liver disease | **[[Alcoholic liver disease]] | ||
**Chronic radiation injury | **Chronic [[radiation]] injury | ||
**Vitamin A toxicity | **[[Vitamin A]] toxicity | ||
**Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma | **Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma | ||
**Angiosarcoma | **[[Angiosarcoma]] | ||
**Sarcoidosis | **[[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
**Mycobacterium avium or M. intracellulare infection | **[[Mycobacterium avium complex|Mycobacterium avium]] or [[Mycobacterium intracellulare|M. intracellulare]] infection | ||
**Mineral oil granuloma | **Mineral oil [[granuloma]] | ||
'''Post-hepatic:''' | '''Post-hepatic:''' | ||
*Inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction (eg, Budd-Chiari syndrome | *[[Inferior vena cava]] (IVC) obstruction (eg, [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]) | ||
*Cardiac disease (constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) | *[[Cardiac]] disease ([[constrictive pericarditis]], [[restrictive cardiomyopathy]]) | ||
Revision as of 19:55, 8 December 2017
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Differentiating Gastrointestinal varices from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Causes of gastointestinal varices include all the causes of increased portal venous pressure, which may be divided into cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic causes.
Causes
- Gastrointestinal varices (especially esophageal and gastric) are due to increased pressure in the portal venous system
- The major causes of portal hypertension may be broadly categorized into cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic
Cirrhotic causes
- Chronic hepatitis (B or C)
Non-cirrhotic causes
Pre-hepatic causes
- Portal vein thrombosis
- Splenic vein thrombosis
- Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula
- Splenomegaly (eg, from lymphoma, Gaucher's disease)
Intrahepatic causes
- Presinusoidal:
- Schistosomiasis
- Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (including nodular regenerative hyperplasia)
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Congenital hepatic fibrosis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Hepatic arteriopetal fistula
- Adult polycystic liver disease
- Arteriovenous fistulas
- Autoimmune cholangiopathy
- Vinyl chloride toxicity
- Neoplastic occlusion of the intra-hepatic portal vein
- Mineral oil granuloma
- Sinusoidal:
- Arsenic poisoning
- Vinyl chloride toxicity
- Drugs (eg, amiodarone, methotrexate)
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Gaucher's disease
- Zellweger syndrome
- Viral hepatitis
- Chronic Q fever
- Schistosomiasis
- Amyloid or light-chain deposition in the space of Disse
- Acute hepatic injury
- Mastocytosis
- Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Postsinusoidal:
- Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (venoocclusive disease)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Chronic radiation injury
- Vitamin A toxicity
- Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
- Angiosarcoma
- Sarcoidosis
- Mycobacterium avium or M. intracellulare infection
- Mineral oil granuloma
Post-hepatic:
- Inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction (eg, Budd-Chiari syndrome)
- Cardiac disease (constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)