Colorectal cancer causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes. | There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are [[familial adenomatous polyposis]] and [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer]]. The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes. | ||
==Colorectal Cancer Causes== | ==Colorectal Cancer Causes== | ||
There are both genetic and environmental factors that lead to colorectal carcinoma<ref name="pmid20420944">{{cite journal| author=Chan AT, Giovannucci EL| title=Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2010 | volume= 138 | issue= 6 | pages= 2029-2043.e10 |pmid=20420944 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057 | pmc=PMC2947820 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20420944 }}</ref> | There are both genetic and environmental factors that lead to colorectal carcinoma.<ref name="pmid20420944">{{cite journal| author=Chan AT, Giovannucci EL| title=Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2010 | volume= 138 | issue= 6 | pages= 2029-2043.e10 |pmid=20420944 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057 | pmc=PMC2947820 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20420944 }}</ref> [[FAP (gene)|FAP]] and [[HNPCC]] are the most common causes of CRC, but together these two conditions account for only about 5 percent of CRC.<ref name="pmid7598472">{{cite journal| author=Burt RW, DiSario JA, Cannon-Albright L| title=Genetics of colon cancer: impact of inheritance on colon cancer risk. | journal=Annu Rev Med | year= 1995 | volume= 46 |issue= | pages= 371-9 | pmid=7598472 | doi=10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.371 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7598472 }} </ref> | ||
*'''The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:''' | *'''The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:''' | ||
{| {{table}} | {| style="border:#c9c9c9 1px solid; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{table}} | ||
| | | style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center" |'''Genetic Cause''' | ||
| | | style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center" |'''Description''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)'''||AD inheritance | | '''Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)'''|| | ||
* AD inheritance | |||
* Other variants include [[Gardner's syndrome]], [[Turcot syndrome|Turcot's syndrome]], and attenuated [[Adenomatous polyposis coli|adenomatous polyposis]] coli; caused by germlines mutations in the [[APC gene]]<ref name="pmid598472">{{cite journal| author=Mazur IA| title=[Synthesis of imidazopyrimidines and imidazoquinazolines with a common nitrogen atom]. | journal=Farm Zh | year= 1977 | volume= | issue= 6 |pages= 37-41 | pmid=598472 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=598472}}</ref> | |||
* Colonic cancer occurs in 90% of untreated individuals around 45 years | |||
To view Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer classification|'''here''']]<br> | * To view Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer classification|'''here''']]<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP)'''||AR inheritance | | '''MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP)'''|| | ||
* AR inheritance | |||
* Caused by bi-allelic germline [[mutations]] in the base excision repair gene mutY homolog (MYH or MUTYH) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)'''||AD inheritance | | '''Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)'''|| | ||
* AD inheritance | |||
* Caused by a defect in one of the mismatch repair genes, most commonly hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, or PMS2 | |||
* Mean age at initial cancer diagnosis is around 48 years<ref name="pmid21193451">{{cite journal| author=Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, Macrae FA, Gurrin LC, Church JM et al.| title=Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. | journal=Gut | year= 2011 | volume= 60 | issue= 7 | pages= 950-7 | pmid=21193451 | doi=10.1136/gut.2010.228056 | pmc=PMC3848416 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21193451 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |} | ||
*'''To view the environmental factors that may contribute to the development of colorectal carcinoma, please review its [[Colorectal cancer risk factors#Environmental Risk Factors|environmental risk factors]].''' | *'''To view the environmental factors that may contribute to the development of colorectal carcinoma, please review its [[Colorectal cancer risk factors#Environmental Risk Factors|environmental risk factors]].''' | ||
Revision as of 15:52, 14 December 2017
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To view the causes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
To view the causes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
Colorectal Cancer Causes
There are both genetic and environmental factors that lead to colorectal carcinoma.[1] FAP and HNPCC are the most common causes of CRC, but together these two conditions account for only about 5 percent of CRC.[2]
- The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:
| Genetic Cause | Description |
| Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) |
|
| MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP) |
|
| Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) |
|
- To view the environmental factors that may contribute to the development of colorectal carcinoma, please review its environmental risk factors.
- The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
References
- ↑ Chan AT, Giovannucci EL (2010). "Primary prevention of colorectal cancer". Gastroenterology. 138 (6): 2029–2043.e10. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057. PMC 2947820. PMID 20420944.
- ↑ Burt RW, DiSario JA, Cannon-Albright L (1995). "Genetics of colon cancer: impact of inheritance on colon cancer risk". Annu Rev Med. 46: 371–9. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.371. PMID 7598472.
- ↑ Mazur IA (1977). "[Synthesis of imidazopyrimidines and imidazoquinazolines with a common nitrogen atom]". Farm Zh (6): 37–41. PMID 598472.
- ↑ Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, Macrae FA, Gurrin LC, Church JM; et al. (2011). "Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery". Gut. 60 (7): 950–7. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.228056. PMC 3848416. PMID 21193451.