Portal vein thrombosis causes: Difference between revisions

	Portal vein thrombosis Microchapters
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Revision as of 20:03, 28 November 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of portal vein thrombosis include hepatocellular carcinoma, Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders).

Common Causes

Portal vein thrombosis may be caused by:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Acquired conditions
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Behçet's syndrome
- Recent pregnancy or oral contraceptive use
- Abdominal inflammatory lesions including infection, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease
- Trauma
- Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders)
Procedures
- Abdominal surgery or surgical injury of the portal vein axis
- Endoscopic sclerotherapy
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
- Splenectomy
- Hepatic resection
- Pancreatic islet cell transplantation

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of portal vein thrombosis include:^[12]^[13]^[3]^[14]^[15]

Inherited prothrombotic disorders
- Factor V Leiden mutation
- Factor II gene mutation
- Protein C deficiency
- Protein S deficiency
- Antithrombin III deficiency
Acquired thrombophilic disorders
- Primary myeloproliferative disorders
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Increased factor VIII levels
- Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor gene (TAFI)

Genetic Causes

[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

3

References

↑ Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Balzano A (2004). "Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis". J. Hepatol. 40 (5): 736–41. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.001. PMID 15094219.
↑ Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, van Uum SH, Haagsma EB, van Der Meer FJ, van Hattum J, Chamuleau RA, Adang RP, Vandenbroucke JP, van Hoek B, Rosendaal FR (2000). "Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study". Blood. 96 (7): 2364–8. PMID 11001884.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Battaglioli T, Reati R, Fabris F, Dell'era A, Pappalardo E, Mannucci PM (2005). "Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Hepatology. 41 (3): 603–8. doi:10.1002/hep.20591. PMID 15726653.
↑ Denninger MH, Chaït Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, Erlinger S, Briere J, Valla D (2000). "Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors". Hepatology. 31 (3): 587–91. doi:10.1002/hep.510310307. PMID 10706547.
↑ Primignani M, Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Gianelli U, Fabris F, Reati R, Dell'Era A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (2006). "Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis". Hepatology. 44 (6): 1528–34. doi:10.1002/hep.21435. PMID 17133457.
↑ Sekhar M, McVinnie K, Burroughs AK (2013). "Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms". Br. J. Haematol. 162 (6): 730–47. doi:10.1111/bjh.12461. PMID 23855810.
↑ Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B (2001). "Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival". Gut. 49 (5): 720–4. PMC 1728504. PMID 11600478.
↑ Bergamaschi GM, Primignani M, Barosi G, Fabris FM, Villani L, Reati R, Dell'era A, Mannucci PM (2008). "MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Blood. 111 (8): 4418. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-02-137687. PMID 18398061.
↑ Romano F, Caprotti R, Scaini A, Conti M, Scotti M, Colombo G, Uggeri F (2006). "Elective laparoscopic splenectomy and thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis: a prospective study with ecocolordoppler ultrasound". Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 16 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1097/01.sle.0000202187.80407.09. PMID 16552370.
↑ Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, Harimoto N, Nishie A, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y (2014). "Portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy". World J Surg. 38 (6): 1491–7. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2440-8. PMID 24407940.
↑ White SA, London NJ, Johnson PR, Davies JE, Pollard C, Contractor HH, Hughes DP, Robertson GS, Musto PP, Dennison AR (2000). "The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation". Cell Transplant. 9 (1): 19–24. PMID 10784062.
↑ Qi X, Ren W, De Stefano V, Fan D (2014). "Associations of coagulation factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12 (11): 1801–12.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.026. PMID 24793031.
↑ Koshy A, Jeyakumari M (2007). "High FVIII level is associated with idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in South India". Am. J. Med. 120 (6): 552.e9–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.016. PMID 17524760.
↑ Chamouard P, Pencreach E, Maloisel F, Grunebaum L, Ardizzone JF, Meyer A, Gaub MP, Goetz J, Baumann R, Uring-Lambert B, Levy S, Dufour P, Hauptmann G, Oudet P (1999). "Frequent factor II G20210A mutation in idiopathic portal vein thrombosis". Gastroenterology. 116 (1): 144–8. PMID 9869612.
↑ Dentali F, Galli M, Gianni M, Ageno W (2008). "Inherited thrombophilic abnormalities and risk of portal vein thrombosis. a meta-analysis". Thromb. Haemost. 99 (4): 675–82. doi:10.1160/TH07-08-0526. PMID 18392325.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid15094219-1] Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Balzano A (2004). "Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis". J. Hepatol. 40 (5): 736–41. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.001. PMID 15094219.

[pmid11001884-2] Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, van Uum SH, Haagsma EB, van Der Meer FJ, van Hattum J, Chamuleau RA, Adang RP, Vandenbroucke JP, van Hoek B, Rosendaal FR (2000). "Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study". Blood. 96 (7): 2364–8. PMID 11001884.

[pmid15726653-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Battaglioli T, Reati R, Fabris F, Dell'era A, Pappalardo E, Mannucci PM (2005). "Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Hepatology. 41 (3): 603–8. doi:10.1002/hep.20591. PMID 15726653.

[pmid10706547-4] Denninger MH, Chaït Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, Erlinger S, Briere J, Valla D (2000). "Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors". Hepatology. 31 (3): 587–91. doi:10.1002/hep.510310307. PMID 10706547.

[pmid17133457-5] Primignani M, Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Gianelli U, Fabris F, Reati R, Dell'Era A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (2006). "Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis". Hepatology. 44 (6): 1528–34. doi:10.1002/hep.21435. PMID 17133457.

[pmid23855810-6] Sekhar M, McVinnie K, Burroughs AK (2013). "Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms". Br. J. Haematol. 162 (6): 730–47. doi:10.1111/bjh.12461. PMID 23855810.

[pmid11600478-7] Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B (2001). "Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival". Gut. 49 (5): 720–4. PMC 1728504. PMID 11600478.

[pmid18398061-8] Bergamaschi GM, Primignani M, Barosi G, Fabris FM, Villani L, Reati R, Dell'era A, Mannucci PM (2008). "MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Blood. 111 (8): 4418. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-02-137687. PMID 18398061.

[pmid16552370-9] Romano F, Caprotti R, Scaini A, Conti M, Scotti M, Colombo G, Uggeri F (2006). "Elective laparoscopic splenectomy and thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis: a prospective study with ecocolordoppler ultrasound". Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 16 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1097/01.sle.0000202187.80407.09. PMID 16552370.

[pmid24407940-10] Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, Harimoto N, Nishie A, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y (2014). "Portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy". World J Surg. 38 (6): 1491–7. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2440-8. PMID 24407940.

[pmid10784062-11] White SA, London NJ, Johnson PR, Davies JE, Pollard C, Contractor HH, Hughes DP, Robertson GS, Musto PP, Dennison AR (2000). "The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation". Cell Transplant. 9 (1): 19–24. PMID 10784062.

[pmid24793031-12] Qi X, Ren W, De Stefano V, Fan D (2014). "Associations of coagulation factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12 (11): 1801–12.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.026. PMID 24793031.

[pmid17524760-13] Koshy A, Jeyakumari M (2007). "High FVIII level is associated with idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in South India". Am. J. Med. 120 (6): 552.e9–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.016. PMID 17524760.

[pmid9869612-14] Chamouard P, Pencreach E, Maloisel F, Grunebaum L, Ardizzone JF, Meyer A, Gaub MP, Goetz J, Baumann R, Uring-Lambert B, Levy S, Dufour P, Hauptmann G, Oudet P (1999). "Frequent factor II G20210A mutation in idiopathic portal vein thrombosis". Gastroenterology. 116 (1): 144–8. PMID 9869612.

[pmid18392325-15] Dentali F, Galli M, Gianni M, Ageno W (2008). "Inherited thrombophilic abnormalities and risk of portal vein thrombosis. a meta-analysis". Thromb. Haemost. 99 (4): 675–82. doi:10.1160/TH07-08-0526. PMID 18392325.

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 ==Causes==
 ===Life-threatening Causes===
-*Life-threatening causes of portal vein thrombosis include .
+*Life-threatening causes of portal vein thrombosis include hepatocellular carcinoma, Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders).
 ===Common Causes===