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*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of toxic megacolon include:<ref name="SogaardAstrup2007">{{cite journal|last1=Sogaard|first1=Kirstine K|last2=Astrup|first2=Lone B|last3=Vilstrup|first3=Hendrik|last4=Gronbaek|first4=Henning|title=Portal vein thrombosis; risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment|journal=BMC Gastroenterology|volume=7|issue=1|year=2007|issn=1471-230X|doi=10.1186/1471-230X-7-34}}</ref><ref name="pmid20474001">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinjo N, Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, Tomikawa M, Yamashita N, Konishi K, Tanoue K, Shirabe K, Hashizume M, Maehara Y |title=Risk factors for portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension |journal=Br J Surg |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=910–6 |year=2010 |pmid=20474001 |doi=10.1002/bjs.7002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25941431">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chawla YK, Bodh V |title=Portal vein thrombosis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=22–40 |year=2015 |pmid=25941431 |pmc=4415192 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2014.12.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28621635">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montenovo M, Rahnemai-Azar A, Reyes J, Perkins J |title=Clinical Impact and Risk Factors of Portal Vein Thrombosis for Patients on Wait List for Liver Transplant |journal=Exp Clin Transplant |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28621635 |doi=10.6002/ect.2016.0277 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2806552">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang WW, Churchill S, Churchill P |title=Developmental regulation of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in rat liver and brain |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=256 |issue=1-2 |pages=71–4 |year=1989 |pmid=2806552 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include:
**Prothrombotic disorder
**Cancer of any abdominal organ
***Hyperhomocysteinemia
**Focal inflammatory lesions
***Antiphospholipid syndrome
***Neonatal omphalitis, ombilical vein catheterization
***Hormone replacement therapy
**Diverticulitis, appendicitis
***Factor V Leiden mutation
**Pancreatitis
***Protein C deficiency
**Duodenal ulcer
***Polycythaemia vera
**Cholecystitis
***Myeloproliferative syndrome
**Tuberculous lymphadenitis
***Protein S deficiency
**Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
***Antitrombin III deficiency
**Cytomegalovirus hepatitis
***Disseminated coagulation
**Injury to the portal venous system
***Essential thrombocytosis
**Splenectomy
**Abdominal inflammation
**Colectomy, gastrectomy
***Chronic pancreatitis
**Cholecystectomy
***Cholangitis
**Liver transplantation
***Acute pancreatitis
**Abdominal trauma
***Liver abscesses
**Surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS
***mbilical vein catheterization
**Iatrogenic (fine needle aspiration of abdominal masses etc.)
***Cholecystolithiasis
***Polycystic liver disease
**Cirrhosis
**Cirrhosis
**Preserved liver function with precipitating factors (splenectomy, surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS dysfunction, thrombophilia)
**Advanced disease in the absence of obvious precipitating factors


===Less Common Risk Factors===
===Less Common Risk Factors===

Revision as of 19:35, 11 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

  • There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

  • The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
  • Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include:
    • Cancer of any abdominal organ
    • Focal inflammatory lesions
      • Neonatal omphalitis, ombilical vein catheterization
    • Diverticulitis, appendicitis
    • Pancreatitis
    • Duodenal ulcer
    • Cholecystitis
    • Tuberculous lymphadenitis
    • Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
    • Cytomegalovirus hepatitis
    • Injury to the portal venous system
    • Splenectomy
    • Colectomy, gastrectomy
    • Cholecystectomy
    • Liver transplantation
    • Abdominal trauma
    • Surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS
    • Iatrogenic (fine needle aspiration of abdominal masses etc.)
    • Cirrhosis
    • Preserved liver function with precipitating factors (splenectomy, surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS dysfunction, thrombophilia)
    • Advanced disease in the absence of obvious precipitating factors

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
    • Cancer
      • Neuro-endocrine tumor
      • Hepatocellular carcinoma
      • Pancreatic cancer
      • Angiomyxoma
      • Unknown primary tumour
    • Abdominal intervention
      • Splenectomy
      • Cholecystectomy
      • Billroth II
      • Radiofrequency ablation
      • Gastropancreaticcystotomy
    • Abdominal infection
      • Bacteraemia
      • Portal vein phlebitis
      • Intestinal tuberculosis
      • Sepsis
      • Tuberculosis in psoas abscess

References

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