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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified into occult, moderate and severe bleeding based on the severity of bleeding.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified into [[Occult bleeding|occult]], moderate and severe [[bleeding]] based on the severity of bleeding.


==Classification==
==Classification==
Lower GI bleeding can be classified into 3 groups based on the severity of bleeding:<ref name="pmid16015555">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee EW, Laberge JM |title=Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=112–22 |year=2004 |pmid=16015555 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17983811">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B |title=American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=133 |issue=5 |pages=1694–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17983811 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20351759">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management |journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=265–79 |year=2010 |pmid=20351759 |doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16303571">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=581–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16303571 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2005.08.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12889580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Green BT, Rockey DC |title=Acute gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=44–65 |year=2003 |pmid=12889580 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10387941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=341 |issue=1 |pages=38–46 |year=1999 |pmid=10387941 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199907013410107 |url=}}</ref>
Lower GI bleeding can be classified into 3 groups based on the severity of bleeding:<ref name="pmid16015555">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee EW, Laberge JM |title=Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=112–22 |year=2004 |pmid=16015555 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17983811">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B |title=American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=133 |issue=5 |pages=1694–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17983811 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20351759">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management |journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=265–79 |year=2010 |pmid=20351759 |doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16303571">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=581–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16303571 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2005.08.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12889580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Green BT, Rockey DC |title=Acute gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=44–65 |year=2003 |pmid=12889580 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10387941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=341 |issue=1 |pages=38–46 |year=1999 |pmid=10387941 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199907013410107 |url=}}</ref>
*Occult lower GI bleeding
*[[Occult bleeding|Occult]] lower GI bleeding
*Moderate lower GI bleeding
*Moderate lower GI bleeding
*Severe lower GI bleeding
*Severe lower GI bleeding
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|-
|-
|Presenting symptoms
|Presenting symptoms
|Hematochezia or bright red blood per rectum.
|[[Hematochezia]] or bright red blood per rectum.
|Hematochezia or melena.
|[[Hematochezia]] or [[melena]]
|Symptoms of anemia (fatigue, tirdness)
|Symptoms of [[anemia]] ([[fatigue]], [[tiredness]])
|-
|-
|Hemodynamics
|Hemodynamics
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|-
|-
|Lab findings
|Lab findings
|hemoglobin equal to or less than 6 g/dl.
|[[Hemoglobin]] equal to or less than 6 g/dl.
|Microcytic anemia
|[[Microcytic anemia]]
|Microcytic hypochromic anemia due to chronic blood loss.
|[[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic hypochromic anemia]] due to chronic blood loss.
|-
|-
|Differential
|Differential
|Diverticulosis and angiodysplasias
|[[Diverticulosis]] and [[angiodysplasia]]
|Neoplastic disease Inflammatory, <nowiki><br></nowiki> infectious, benign anorectal, and congenital diseases.
|Neoplastic disease Inflammatory, <nowiki><br></nowiki> infectious, benign anorectal, and congenital diseases.
|Inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital.
|Inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital.

Revision as of 21:17, 13 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified into occult, moderate and severe bleeding based on the severity of bleeding.

Classification

Lower GI bleeding can be classified into 3 groups based on the severity of bleeding:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  • Occult lower GI bleeding
  • Moderate lower GI bleeding
  • Severe lower GI bleeding
Severe lower GI bleeding Moderate lower GI bleeding Occult lower GI bleeding
Age > 65 years Occur at any age Any age
Presenting symptoms Hematochezia or bright red blood per rectum. Hematochezia or melena Symptoms of anemia (fatigue, tiredness)
Hemodynamics Unstable Stable Stable
Lab findings Hemoglobin equal to or less than 6 g/dl. Microcytic anemia Microcytic hypochromic anemia due to chronic blood loss.
Differential Diverticulosis and angiodysplasia Neoplastic disease Inflammatory, <br> infectious, benign anorectal, and congenital diseases. Inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital.

References

  1. ↑ Lee EW, Laberge JM (2004). "Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 7 (3): 112–22. PMID 16015555.
  2. ↑ Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B (2007). "American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterology. 133 (5): 1694–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008. PMID 17983811.
  3. ↑ Rockey DC (2010). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (5): 265–79. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42. PMID 20351759.
  4. ↑ Rockey DC (2005). "Gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 34 (4): 581–8. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.08.002. PMID 16303571.
  5. ↑ Green BT, Rockey DC (2003). "Acute gastrointestinal bleeding". Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 14 (2): 44–65. PMID 12889580.
  6. ↑ Rockey DC (1999). "Occult gastrointestinal bleeding". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (1): 38–46. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907013410107. PMID 10387941.

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