Constipation ultrasound: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:06, 10 January 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases causing constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders are decline in thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscle. Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The sphincter abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16).

Ultrasound

Endoanal ultrasonography

Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases of constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders include:

Decline in thickness of the sphincter muscle
Decline in depth of the sphincter muscle
Decline in size of the sphincter muscle

Starck scoring system

Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscle.^[1]

Defect	Score
Defect	0	1	2	3
Length of defect	None	≤1/2	>1/2	Whole
Depth of defect	None	Partial	Total	–
Size of defect	None	≤90°	91°-180°	>180°

Starck scoring system is used for both internal and external anal sphincters, from 0-16 points.
The sphincter abnormality is graded upon the points as following:^[2]
- Score of 1-4 is classified as small
- Score of 5-7 is classified as moderate
- Score of 8-16 is classified as large

References

↑ Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L (2012). "Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries". J. Pediatr. Surg. 47 (5): 956–63. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051. PMID 22595581.
↑ Starck, M.; Bohe, M.; Valentin, L. (2003). "Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 22 (6): 609–615. doi:10.1002/uog.920. ISSN 0960-7692.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid22595581-1] Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L (2012). "Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries". J. Pediatr. Surg. 47 (5): 956–63. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051. PMID 22595581.

[StarckBohe2003-2] Starck, M.; Bohe, M.; Valentin, L. (2003). "Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 22 (6): 609–615. doi:10.1002/uog.920. ISSN 0960-7692.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Constipation}}
-{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{EG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
 ==Overview==
-Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying [[diseases]] of constipation, particularly [[sphincter]] [[Pathology|pathologies]]. Findings on an [[ultrasound]] suggestive of [[sphincter]] disorders are decline in thickness, depth , and size of the [[Sphincter ani externus|sphincter muscle]]. Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The [[sphincter]] abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16).
+Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying [[diseases]] causing constipation, particularly [[sphincter]] [[Pathology|pathologies]]. Findings on an [[ultrasound]] suggestive of [[sphincter]] disorders are decline in thickness, depth, and size of the [[Sphincter ani externus|sphincter muscle]]. Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The [[sphincter]] abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16).
 ==Ultrasound==
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 * Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]].<ref name="pmid22595581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L |title=Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=956–63 |year=2012 |pmid=22595581 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051 |url=}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
-! rowspan="2" |Defect
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Defect
-! colspan="4" |Score
+! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Score
 |-
-!0
+! style="background:#7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |0
-!1
+! style="background:#7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |1
-!2
+! style="background:#7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |2
-!3
+! style="background:#7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |3
 |-
-|Length of defect
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Length of defect
-|None
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |None
-|≤1/2
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |≤1/2
-|>1/2
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |>1/2
-|Whole
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |Whole
 |-
-|Depth of defect
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Depth of defect
-|None
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |None
-|Partial
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |Partial
-|Total
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |Total
-|–
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |–
 |-
-|Size of defect
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Size of defect
-|None
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |None
-|≤90°
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |≤90°
-|91°-180°
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |91°-180°
-|>180°
+| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |>180°
 |}
 * Starck scoring system is used for both [[Internal anal sphincter|internal]] and [[External anal sphincter|external anal sphincters]], from 0-16 points.