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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2], Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [3]
Overview
Risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases such as atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation, gastrointestinal disease like diarrhea, surgical history and medications.
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6][7][8]
Cardiovascular and pulmonary
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial fibrillation
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Congestive heart failure
- Ischemic heart disease
- Hypertension
- Hypotension
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Shock
Gastrointestinal
Miscellaneous
Surgical history
- Abdominal surgery
- Aortic surgery
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, particularly ruptured aneurysm forms
- Endovascular surgery
- Aortic catheterization
- Cardiovascular surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are as follows:[3][9][10]
- Renal disease
- Extreme exercise
- Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation
- Ileostomy
- Laparoscopy
- Prior colon carcinoma
- Thrombophilia including factor V Leiden mutation, deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III.
- Genetics: FV R506Q and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms can cause ischemic colitis in young patients without other serious illness.
Drugs
Medication that can cause ischemic colitis are as follows:[3][11][12][13][14][15][16]
- Alosetron
- Digitalis
- Diuretics
- Cocaine
- Estrogens
- Danazol
- NSAIDs
- Tegaserod
- Vasoactive substances
- Paclitaxel and carboplatin
- Sumatriptan
- Antipsychotics
- Simvastatin
- Quetiapine
- Rizatriptan
References
- ↑ Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ (2015). "ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI)". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 110 (1): 18–44, quiz 45. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.395. PMID 25559486.
- ↑ Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J (2008). "Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x. PMID 17919313.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Longstreth GF, Yao JF (2010). "Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006. PMID 19765672.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F (2013). "Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management". J Visc Surg. 150 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002.
- ↑ Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR (2008). "Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair". J. Vasc. Surg. 48 (2): 272–7. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040. PMID 18572356.
- ↑ Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM (1991). "Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery". Surgery. 109 (4): 447–54. PMID 1844392.
- ↑ Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J (2000). "Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass". Am Surg. 66 (7): 623–6. PMID 10917470.
- ↑ John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD (2000). "Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients". J. Am. Coll. Surg. 190 (1): 84–8. PMID 10625237.
- ↑ Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC (2008). "Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case". Dis. Colon Rectum. 51 (9): 1422–4. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2. PMID 18521673.
- ↑ Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE (2008). "Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6 (8): 907–11. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010. PMID 18524690.
- ↑ Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN (2010). "Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients". Pain Med. 11 (11): 1619–27. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x. PMC 2972369. PMID 21029350.
- ↑ Cappell MS (2004). "Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (6): 1175–90. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x. PMID 15180742.
- ↑ Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED (2013). "Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature". Ann Pharmacother. 47 (4): 537–42. doi:10.1345/aph.1R526. PMID 23535814.
- ↑ Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N (2012). "High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study". Gastrointest. Endosc. 75 (6): 1226–32. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016. PMID 22482921.
- ↑ Vernay J (2015). "Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report". Presse Med. 44 (5): 538–41. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015. PMID 25908180.
- ↑ Fonseka GR, Kurchin A (2015). "Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis". Headache. 55 (7): 1008–9. doi:10.1111/head.12543. PMID 25881718.