Hepatocellular carcinoma primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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{{Hepatocellular carcinoma}} | {{Hepatocellular carcinoma}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Revision as of 03:26, 14 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]
Overview
Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all children to prevent the development of hepatitis B, which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Other primary prevention strategies include abstinence from alcohol, avoidance of hepatotoxic drugs, physical exercise, smoking cessation, adequate calorie intake, high doses of certain supplements (vitamin A, copper and iron), screening for wilson's disease and hemochromatosis. Adequate caloric intake, physical activity, prevention of high risk behaviors, screening of blood products may play an important role in primary prevention.
Prevention
Hepatocellular carcinoma can be prevented by:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] [17][18][19][20][21]
- Vaccination for Hepatitis B
- Alcohol cessation, especially in cirrhotic patients
- Avoidance of hepatotoxic drugs
- Physical exercise
- Smoking cessation
- Adequate caloric intake
- Avoid excessive consumption of:
- Education about hepatotoxins such as acetaminophen
- Prevention of obesity
- Screening of blood donors for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
- Familial screening for Wilson's disease, hemochromatosis
- Reduction of high-risk behaviors such as :
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Intravenous drug abuse
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease
References
- ↑ Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, Liu CJ, Lee CM, Lin SM, Chu HC, Wu TC, Yang SS, Kuo HS, Chen DS (2009). "Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 101 (19): 1348–55. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp288. PMID 19759364.
- ↑ Wiegand J, Berg T (2013). "The etiology, diagnosis and prevention of liver cirrhosis: part 1 of a series on liver cirrhosis". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 110 (6): 85–91. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0085. PMC 3583179. PMID 23451000.
- ↑ "2014 Korean Liver Cancer Study Group-National Cancer Center Korea practice guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma". Korean J Radiol. 16 (3): 465–522. 2015. doi:10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.465. PMC 4435981. PMID 25995680.
- ↑ Kuffner EK, Dart RC, Bogdan GM, Hill RE, Casper E, Darton L (2001). "Effect of maximal daily doses of acetaminophen on the liver of alcoholic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Arch. Intern. Med. 161 (18): 2247–52. PMID 11575982.
- ↑ Mazoit JX, Sandouk P, Zetlaoui P, Scherrmann JM (1987). "Pharmacokinetics of unchanged morphine in normal and cirrhotic subjects". Anesth. Analg. 66 (4): 293–8. PMID 3565791.
- ↑ Wörns MA, Teufel A, Kanzler S, Shrestha A, Victor A, Otto G, Lohse AW, Galle PR, Höhler T (2008). "Incidence of HAV and HBV infections and vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune liver diseases". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103 (1): 138–46. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01609.x. PMID 17970833.
- ↑ Chu CM, Liaw YF (2005). "Increased incidence of fulminant hepatic failure in previously unrecognized HBsAg carriers with acute hepatitis independent of etiology". Infection. 33 (3): 136–9. doi:10.1007/s15010-005-4094-4. PMID 15940414.
- ↑ Eckman MH, Kaiser TE, Sherman KE (2011). "The cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic hepatitis B infection in the United States". Clin. Infect. Dis. 52 (11): 1294–306. doi:10.1093/cid/cir199. PMC 3097367. PMID 21540206.
- ↑ Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, Tiribelli C, Manenti F, Sodde M, Saveria Crocè L, Sasso F, Pozzato G, Cristianini G, Brandi G (1997). "Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group". Gut. 41 (6): 845–50. PMC 1891602. PMID 9462221.
- ↑ Friedmann PD (2013). "Clinical practice. Alcohol use in adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 368 (4): 365–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1204714. PMID 23343065.
- ↑ Tegeder I, Geisslinger G, Lötsch J (1999). "[Therapy with opioids in liver or renal failure]". Schmerz (in German). 13 (3): 183–95. doi:10.1007/s004829900019. PMID 12799931.
- ↑ Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC (1995). "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure". Hepatology. 22 (3): 767–73. PMID 7657281.
- ↑ Zein CO, Unalp A, Colvin R, Liu YC, McCullough AJ (2011). "Smoking and severity of hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". J. Hepatol. 54 (4): 753–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.040. PMC 3060962. PMID 21126792.
- ↑ Lieber CS, Rubin E (1968). "Alcoholic fatty liver in man on a high protein and low fat diet". Am. J. Med. 44 (2): 200–6. PMID 5635674.
- ↑ Modi AA, Feld JJ, Park Y, Kleiner DE, Everhart JE, Liang TJ, Hoofnagle JH (2010). "Increased caffeine consumption is associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis". Hepatology. 51 (1): 201–9. doi:10.1002/hep.23279. PMC 2801884. PMID 20034049.
- ↑ Mendenhall CL, Anderson S, Weesner RE, Goldberg SJ, Crolic KA (1984). "Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis". Am. J. Med. 76 (2): 211–22. PMID 6421159.
- ↑ Wedemeyer H, Hofmann WP, Lueth S, Malinski P, Thimme R, Tacke F, Wiegand J (2010). "[ALT screening for chronic liver diseases: scrutinizing the evidence]". Z Gastroenterol (in German). 48 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1109980. PMID 20072996.
- ↑ Breitling LP, Claessen H, Drath C, Arndt V, Brenner H (2011). "Gamma-glutamyltransferase, general and cause-specific mortality in 19,000 construction workers followed over 20 years". J. Hepatol. 55 (3): 594–601. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.029. PMID 21256904.
- ↑ Claessen H, Brenner H, Drath C, Arndt V (2010). "Gamma-glutamyltransferase and disability pension: a cohort study of construction workers in Germany". Hepatology. 51 (2): 482–90. doi:10.1002/hep.23324. PMID 19967717.
- ↑ Haring R, Wallaschofski H, Nauck M, Dörr M, Baumeister SE, Völzke H (2009). "Ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis increases prediction of mortality risk from elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels". Hepatology. 50 (5): 1403–11. doi:10.1002/hep.23135. PMID 19670414.
- ↑ Bell BP, Manos MM, Zaman A, Terrault N, Thomas A, Navarro VJ, Dhotre KB, Murphy RC, Van Ness GR, Stabach N, Robert ME, Bower WA, Bialek SR, Sofair AN (2008). "The epidemiology of newly diagnosed chronic liver disease in gastroenterology practices in the United States: results from population-based surveillance". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103 (11): 2727–36, quiz 2737. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02071.x. PMID 18684170.