Dysphagia pathophysiology

Dysphagia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Normal physiology of the food motility through the esophagus

• The esophagus is a part of the gastrointestinal tract which is responsible of moving the food from the mouth to the rectum.
• The esophagus has anti-reflux barrier which prevents the return of the acidic contentof the stomach back to the esophagus. The anti-reflux barrier consists of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the related part of the diaphragm.
• The lower esophageal sphincter is contracting smooth muscle at the end of the esophagus responsible for the food passage to the stomach. LES has high pressure tone which helps keeping it a strong barrier between the esophagus and the stomach.