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| Line 9: |
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| {{Cirrhosis}} | | {{Cirrhosis}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
| ==Table==
| |
| <div style="width: 85%;"><small>
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |Disease
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="9" |Symptoms
| |
| !Diagnosis
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |Other findings
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="3" |Pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Nausea
| |
| &
| |
|
| |
| Vomiting
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Heartburn
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Belching or
| |
| Bloating
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Loss of
| |
| Appetite
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Stools
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Endoscopy findings
| |
| |-
| |
| !Location
| |
| !Aggravating Factors
| |
| !Alleviating Factors
| |
| |-
| |
| !Gastric outlet obstruction
| |
| |
| |
| *[[Peptic ulcer|PUD]]: 5% cases (most commonly affecting [[pylorus]] and initial part of the [[duodenum]])
| |
| *[[Polyps|Gastric polyps]]
| |
| *[[Caustic|Caustic ingestion]]
| |
| *Systemic [[amyloidosis]] of the [[gastrointestinal tract]]
| |
| *Eosinophillic [[gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[Obstruction]] by [[Gallstone disease|gallstones]] (Bouveret syndrome)
| |
| *Complication of [[acute pancreatitis]]: [[pancreatic pseudocyst]] formation
| |
| *[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]] of the [[Gastrointestinal tract|GIT]]
| |
| *[[Bezoar|Bezoars]]
| |
| *[[Crohn's disease]] involving the [[duodenum]]
| |
| *[[Stomach|Gastro]]-[[Duodenum|duodenal]] [[tuberculosis]]
| |
| * Ingestion of [[corrosive|corrosives]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Epigastric pain]]
| |
| |Food
| |
| |-
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>✔</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |[[Melena|Black stools]] in case of Peptic Ulcer Disease
| |
| |
| |
| *Helps in the determination of site of [[obstruction]]
| |
| *Helps in the visualization of the [[Stomach|gastric]] silhouette:
| |
| *Helps note the following:
| |
| **[[Stomach|Gastric]] [[dilation]]
| |
| **Narrowing of the [[pylorus]]
| |
| **Presence of [[Ulcer|ulcers]]
| |
| **[[Tumor|Tumors]]
| |
| **Differentiation of GOO from [[gastroparesis]] where gastric [[dilation]] is not associated with the narrowing of the [[pylorus]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Acute gastritis]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]''
| |
| * [[NSAIDS]]
| |
| * [[Corticosteroids]]
| |
| * [[Alcohol]]
| |
| * Spicy food
| |
| * Viral infections
| |
| * [[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| * [[Autoimmune diseases]]
| |
| * Bile reflux
| |
| * [[Cocaine]] use
| |
| * Breathing machine or ventilator
| |
| * Ingestion of [[corrosive|corrosives]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Epigastric pain]]
| |
| |Food
| |
| |[[Antacids]]
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |[[Melena|Black stools]]
| |
| |
| |
| * Pangastritis or antral [[gastritis]]
| |
| * [[Gastric erosion|Erosive]] (Superficial, deep, hemorrhagic)
| |
| * Nonerosive (''[[H. pylori]]'')
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Gastritis|Chronic gastritis]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]''
| |
| * [[Alcohol]]
| |
| * Medications
| |
| * [[Autoimmune diseases]]
| |
| * Chronic stress
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Epigastric pain]]
| |
| |Food
| |
| |[[Antacids]]
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |''[[H. pylori]] [[gastritis]]''
| |
| * [[Atrophy]]
| |
| * Intestinal [[metaplasia]]
| |
| Lymphocytic gastritis
| |
| * Enlarged folds
| |
| * Aphthoid erosions
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Atrophic gastritis]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]''
| |
| * [[Autoimmune disease]]
| |
| |[[Epigastric pain]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |''[[H. pylori]]''
| |
| * Mucosal [[atrophy]]
| |
| [[Autoimmune]]
| |
| * Mucosal [[atrophy]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Iron deficiency anemia]]
| |
| Autoimmune gastritis diagnosis include:
| |
| * Antiparietal and anti-IF antibodies
| |
| * [[Achlorhydria]] and hypergastrinemia
| |
| * Low serum [[vitamin B12|cobalamine]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Autoimmune disease]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |
| |
| * Chronic [[diarrhea]] often bloody with [[pus]] or [[mucus]]
| |
| * [[Rectal bleeding]]
| |
| |
| |
| * Mucosal nodularity with cobblestoning
| |
| * Multiple [[aphthous ulcers]]
| |
| * Linier or serpiginous ulcerations
| |
| * Thickened antral folds
| |
| * Antral narrowing
| |
| * Hypoperistalsis
| |
| * Duodenal strictures
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Fever]]
| |
| * [[Fatigue]]
| |
| * [[Anemia]] ([[pernicious anemia]])
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[GERD]]
| |
| |
| |
| * Lower esophageal sphincter abnormalities
| |
|
| |
| * [[Hiatal hernia]]
| |
| * Abnormal esophageal contractions
| |
| * Prolonged emptying of [[stomach]]
| |
| * [[Gastrinomas]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Epigastric pain]]
| |
| |
| |
| * Spicy food
| |
| * Tight fitting clothing
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Antacids]]
| |
| * Head elevation during sleep
| |
| |✔
| |
|
| |
| (Suspect delayed gastric emptying)
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Esophagitis]]
| |
| * Barrette esophagus
| |
| * [[Strictures]]
| |
| |Other symptoms:
| |
| * [[Dysphagia]]
| |
| * [[Regurgitation]]
| |
| * [[Cough|Nocturnal cough]]
| |
| * [[Hoarseness]]
| |
| Complications
| |
| * [[Esophagitis]]
| |
| * [[Strictures]]
| |
| * Barrette esophagus
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Peptic ulcer disease]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]''
| |
| * [[Smoking]]
| |
| * [[Alcohol]]
| |
| * [[Radiation therapy]]
| |
| * Medications
| |
| * Zollinger-ellison syndrome
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Epigastric pain]] sometimes extending to back
| |
| * [[Right upper quadrant pain]]
| |
| |
| |
| '''[[Duodenal ulcer]]'''
| |
| *Pain aggravates with empty stomach
| |
| '''[[Gastric ulcer]]'''
| |
| *Pain aggravates with food
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Antacids]]
| |
|
| |
| * [[Duodenal ulcer]]
| |
| :*Pain alleviates with food
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Melena|Black stools]]
| |
| |'''Gastric ulcers'''
| |
| * Discrete mucosal lesions with a punched-out smooth ulcer base with whitish fibrinoid base
| |
| * Most [[ulcers]] are at the junction of [[fundus]] and antrum
| |
| * 0.5-2.5cm
| |
| '''Duodenal ulcers'''
| |
| * Well-demarcated break in the [[mucosa]] that may extend into the [[muscularis propria]] of the [[duodenum]]
| |
| * Found in the first part of [[duodenum]]
| |
| * <1cm
| |
| |'''Other diagnostic tests'''
| |
| * Serum [[gastrin]] levels
| |
| * [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| |
| * [[Biopsy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Gastrinoma]]
| |
| |
| |
| * Associated with [[MEN type 1]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
|
| |
| (suspect [[gastric outlet obstruction]])
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Melena|Black stools]]
| |
| |Useful in collecting the tissue for [[biopsy]]
| |
| |
| |
| * May present with symptoms of [[GERD]] or [[peptic ulcer disease]]
| |
| * Associated with [[MEN type 1]]
| |
| '''Diagnostic tests'''
| |
| * Serum [[gastrin]] levels
| |
| * [[Somatostatin]] receptor [[scintigraphy]]
| |
| * [[CT]] and [[MRI]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Gastric Cancer|Gastric Adenocarcinoma]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]'' infection
| |
| * Smoked and salted food
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |✔
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Melena|Black stools]], or blood in stools
| |
| |'''Esophagogastroduodenoscopy'''
| |
| * Multiple biopsies are taken to establish the diagnosis
| |
| |'''Other symptoms'''
| |
| * [[Dysphagia]]
| |
| * Early [[satiety]]
| |
| * Frequent [[burping]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Gastric lymphoma|Primary gastric lymphoma]]
| |
| |
| |
| * ''[[H. pylori]]'' infection
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |✔
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |Useful in collecting the tissue for [[biopsy]]
| |
| |'''Other symptoms'''
| |
| * Painless swollen [[lymph nodes]] in neck and armpit
| |
| * Night sweats
| |
| * [[Fatigue]]
| |
| * [[Fever]]
| |
| * [[Cough]] or trouble breathing
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ==Video codes== | | ==Video codes== |
|
| |
|
</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017.
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/2/2f/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/a/a3/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/d/d5/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)
Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)