Jaundice surgery: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with jaundice. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either cirrhosis, cholestasis, and liver failure. The surgical procedures which are used to treat jaundice include [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS)]], [[cholecystectomy]], and [[liver transplantation]]. | Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with jaundice. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [[cirrhosis]], [[cholestasis]], and [[liver failure]]. The surgical procedures which are used to treat jaundice include [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS)]], [[cholecystectomy]], and [[liver transplantation]]. | ||
==Surgery== | ==Surgery== | ||
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*[[Cirrhosis]] | *[[Cirrhosis]] | ||
*[[Cholestasis]] | *[[Cholestasis]] | ||
*[[Liver | *[[Liver failure]] | ||
===Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting=== | ===Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting=== | ||
*[[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS)]] is bypassing the high flow rate of [[portal vein]] into the [[Systemic vein|systemic veins]]. | *[[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS)]] is bypassing the high flow rate of [[portal vein]] into the [[Systemic vein|systemic veins]]. | ||
*[[TIPS]] would decrease the pressure over the [[portal system]] and a | *[[TIPS]] would decrease the pressure over the [[portal system]] and a decreases risk of complications, such as:<ref name="pmid291109902">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lahat E, Lim C, Bhangui P, Fuentes L, Osseis M, Moussallem T, Salloum C, Azoulay D |title=Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt as a bridge to non-hepatic surgery in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension: a systematic review |journal=HPB (Oxford) |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29110990 |doi=10.1016/j.hpb.2017.09.006 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Splenomegaly]] | **[[Splenomegaly]] | ||
**[[Esophageal varices]] | **[[Esophageal varices]] | ||
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=== Cholecystectomy === | === Cholecystectomy === | ||
* [[Cholecystectomy]] is | * [[Cholecystectomy]] is usually done through [[Laparoscopic surgery|laparoscopic]] route, to treat [[cholestasis]]. | ||
* During [[cholecystectomy]], [[gallbladder]] along with contained stones are excised. | * During [[cholecystectomy]], [[gallbladder]] along with contained stones are excised. | ||
* The reason of cholestasis include:<ref name="pmid21206646">{{cite journal| author=Nagral S| title=Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy. | journal=J Minim Access Surg | year= 2005 | volume= 1 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21206646 | doi=10.4103/0972-9941.16527 | pmc=3004105 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21206646 }}</ref> | * The reason of cholestasis include:<ref name="pmid21206646">{{cite journal| author=Nagral S| title=Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy. | journal=J Minim Access Surg | year= 2005 | volume= 1 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21206646 | doi=10.4103/0972-9941.16527 | pmc=3004105 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21206646 }}</ref> | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
** [[Common bile duct]] stone | ** [[Common bile duct]] stone | ||
** [[Common bile duct]] tumor | ** [[Common bile duct]] tumor | ||
* [[Cholecystectomy]] | * [[Cholecystectomy]] is indicated in patients with:<ref name="urlGallbladder, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf" /> | ||
** [[Cholecystitis]] (Acute/Chronic) | ** [[Cholecystitis]] (Acute/Chronic) | ||
** Symptomatic [[cholelithiasis]] | ** Symptomatic [[cholelithiasis]] | ||
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===Liver transplantation=== | ===Liver transplantation=== | ||
*[[Liver transplantation]] is indicated in case of [[liver failure]]. | *[[Liver transplantation]] is indicated in case of [[liver failure]]. | ||
*[[Liver failure]] may be | *[[Liver failure]] may be due to any diseases including [[cirrhosis]] or chronic portal hypertension.<ref name="pmid3050180">{{cite journal| author=Starzl TE, Van Thiel D, Tzakis AG, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Marsh JW et al.| title=Orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis. | journal=JAMA | year= 1988 | volume= 260 | issue= 17 | pages= 2542-4 | pmid=3050180 | doi= | pmc=3091380 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3050180 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:17, 22 February 2018
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Jaundice Microchapters |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Jaundice surgery On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Jaundice surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with jaundice. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either cirrhosis, cholestasis, and liver failure. The surgical procedures which are used to treat jaundice include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS), cholecystectomy, and liver transplantation.
Surgery
Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with jaundice. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either:
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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) is bypassing the high flow rate of portal vein into the systemic veins.
- TIPS would decrease the pressure over the portal system and a decreases risk of complications, such as:[1]
Cholecystectomy
- Cholecystectomy is usually done through laparoscopic route, to treat cholestasis.
- During cholecystectomy, gallbladder along with contained stones are excised.
- The reason of cholestasis include:[2]
- Cholecystectomy is indicated in patients with:[3]
- Cholecystitis (Acute/Chronic)
- Symptomatic cholelithiasis
- Biliary dyskinesia
- Acalculous cholecystitis
- Gallstone pancreatitis
- Gallbladder masses/polyps
- Cholecystectomy contraindications include:[3]
- Inability to tolerate pneumoperitoneum or general anesthesia
- Uncorrectable coagulopathy
- Metastatic disease
Liver transplantation
- Liver transplantation is indicated in case of liver failure.
- Liver failure may be due to any diseases including cirrhosis or chronic portal hypertension.[4]
References
- ↑ Lahat E, Lim C, Bhangui P, Fuentes L, Osseis M, Moussallem T, Salloum C, Azoulay D (2017). "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt as a bridge to non-hepatic surgery in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension: a systematic review". HPB (Oxford). doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2017.09.006. PMID 29110990.
- ↑ Nagral S (2005). "Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy". J Minim Access Surg. 1 (2): 53–8. doi:10.4103/0972-9941.16527. PMC 3004105. PMID 21206646.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Gallbladder, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Starzl TE, Van Thiel D, Tzakis AG, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Marsh JW; et al. (1988). "Orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis". JAMA. 260 (17): 2542–4. PMC 3091380. PMID 3050180.