Acute diarrhea causes: Difference between revisions

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*'''Systemic conditions associated with diarrhea''':
*'''Systemic conditions associated with diarrhea''':
Influenza, measles, dengue fever, human immunodeficiency virus and malaria. Systemic infections associated with diarrhea include pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis,urinary tract infection. Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception.
Influenza, measles, dengue fever, human immunodeficiency virus. Systemic infections associated with diarrhea include pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis,urinary tract infection. Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception.
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|'''Adults'''
|'''Adults'''

Revision as of 23:42, 5 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

Common causes of acute diarrhea in children are infections. infectious gastroenterits is most commonly caused by Rota virus, Shigella, Enterotoxigenic E.coli ETEC , Cryptosporidium parvum.. Less commonly, acute diarrhea in children can be associated with systemic infections including Influenza, Measles, HIV infection and intra abdominal emergencies including Intususseption and acute appendicitis.

Common causes of acute diarrhea in adults is also Infectious gastroenterits, commonly caused by Noro virus, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus. Less commonly acute diarrhea can be a symptom in the initial stages of systemic conditions including Ischemic colitis, Hyperthyroidism, Tropical sprue and with medications including ACE inhibitors, Digoxin.

Causes

Population Life threatening causes Common causes Less common causes
Children Sepsis:

Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]

Salmonella septicemia

Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing ETEC)

Infectious:
  • Viral:
    • Rota virus
    • Noro virus

Bacterial:

  • Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)
  • E.coli species ( Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli)
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Non Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Clostridium difficle
  • Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
  • Adeno virus
  • Astro virus
  • Calcivirus
  • Aeromonas
  • Systemic conditions associated with diarrhea:

Influenza, measles, dengue fever, human immunodeficiency virus. Systemic infections associated with diarrhea include pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis,urinary tract infection. Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception.

Adults
  • Ischemic colitis(initial stages)
  • Tropical sprue (initial stages)

Infections:

  • Bacterial:
    • Shigella species
    • Non typhoidal Salmonella
    • Clostridium difficile
    • Campylobacter jejuni
    • Escherichia coli :
      • ETEC
      • EPEC
      • EHEC
      • EIEC
      • EAEC
    • Yersinia enterocolitica
    • Vibrio cholera
    • Vibrio parahemolyticus
    • Aeromonas
    • Plesiomonas shigelloides
    • Mycobacterium Avium complex

Food poisoning:

  • Staphylococcal aureus
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Clostridium perfringens

Viral:

  • Noro virus
  • Rota virus
  • Adeno virus
  • HIV Infection
  • CMV
  • Echo virus
  • Norwalk virus

Protozoan:

  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Microsporidia
  • Isospora

Medicatons:

  • ACE inhibitors
  • Digoxin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Statins
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Triptans
  • Lactulose
  • Anti retroviral agents
  • Chemotherapeutic agents
  • Antifungals
  • Magnesium

Tumors: VIPoma

Organophosphate poisoning

Opium withdrawal

Short bowel syndrome(initial stages)

Radiation enteritis(initial stages)

Listeria monocytogenes

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Hyperthyroidism

Irritable bowel syndrome

Lactose intolerance

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [4] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
  • Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
  • [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

[Disease name] may be caused by:

  • [Cause1]
  • [Cause2]
  • [Cause3]


OR


  • [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
  • [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

  • [Cause1]
  • [Cause2]
  • [Cause3]

Genetic Causes

  • [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3
  1. ↑ Mokomane M, Kasvosve I, de Melo E, Pernica JM, Goldfarb DM (2018). "The global problem of childhood diarrhoeal diseases: emerging strategies in prevention and management". Ther Adv Infect Dis. 5 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1177/2049936117744429. PMC 5761924. PMID 29344358.
  2. ↑ Chowdhury F, Rahman MA, Begum YA, Khan AI, Faruque AS, Saha NC, Baby NI, Malek MA, Kumar AR, Svennerholm AM, Pietroni M, Cravioto A, Qadri F (2011). "Impact of rapid urbanization on the rates of infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 5 (4): e999. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000999. PMC 3071362. PMID 21483709.
  3. ↑ Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, Wu Y, Sow SO, Sur D, Breiman RF, Faruque AS, Zaidi AK, Saha D, Alonso PL, Tamboura B, Sanogo D, Onwuchekwa U, Manna B, Ramamurthy T, Kanungo S, Ochieng JB, Omore R, Oundo JO, Hossain A, Das SK, Ahmed S, Qureshi S, Quadri F, Adegbola RA, Antonio M, Hossain MJ, Akinsola A, Mandomando I, Nhampossa T, Acácio S, Biswas K, O'Reilly CE, Mintz ED, Berkeley LY, Muhsen K, Sommerfelt H, Robins-Browne RM, Levine MM (2013). "Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study". Lancet. 382 (9888): 209–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2. PMID 23680352.
  4. ↑ Chhabra P, Payne DC, Szilagyi PG, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Shirley SH, Wikswo M, Nix WA, Lu X, Parashar UD, Vinjé J (2013). "Etiology of viral gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age in the United States, 2008-2009". J. Infect. Dis. 208 (5): 790–800. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit254. PMID 23757337.
  5. ↑ Dennehy PH (2011). "Viral gastroenteritis in children". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30 (1): 63–4. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182059102. PMID 21173676.
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