Sandbox:Chandra: Difference between revisions
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**Hemothorax | **Hemothorax | ||
**Flail chest | **Flail chest | ||
*'''Hypoventilation:''' | |||
**Upper airway obstruction: | |||
***Foreign body aspiration | |||
***Pertussis/Croup | |||
***Epiglottitis | |||
***Tracheitis mostly bacterial | |||
***Traumatic disruption (burns, fractures) | |||
***Congenital airway abnormalities: | ***Congenital airway abnormalities: | ||
****Choanal atresia | ****Choanal atresia | ||
Line 58: | Line 43: | ||
****Macroglossia | ****Macroglossia | ||
****Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome) | ****Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome) | ||
**Neurologic abnormalities: | |||
***CNS depression | |||
***Severe head trauma | |||
***Apnea of prematurity | |||
***Infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis) | |||
***Intraventricular hemorrhage | |||
***Seizures | |||
***Cyanotic breath holding spells | |||
***Coma | |||
**Neuromuscular disorders: | |||
*** Myasthenia gravis | |||
***Injury to the phrenic nerve | |||
***Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease) | |||
**Pneumonia | **Metabolic disorders: | ||
***Severe hypoglycemia | |||
***In born errors of metabolism | |||
*'''Ventilation/perfusion mismatch:''' | |||
**Asthma | |||
**Pulmonary embolism | |||
**Atelectasis | |||
**Alveolar capillary dysplasia | |||
**emphysema or COPD | |||
**Pulmonary edema | |||
**Pulmonary hypoplasia | |||
**Pulmonary hemorrhage | |||
**Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease) | |||
**Transient tachypnea of the newborn | |||
*'''Conditions causing impaired oxygen diffusion:''' | |||
**Pulmonary fibrosis | |||
**Pulmonary edema | |||
*Pneumonia | |||
*Bronchiolitis | |||
*Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | |||
*Cystic fibrosis | |||
*Empyema | |||
*'''Circulatory causes:''' | *'''Circulatory causes:''' | ||
* | **Anatomic shunts (Venous blood into arterial circulation): | ||
**Decreased pulmonary flow: | *** Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: | ||
***Tetralogy of fallot | ****Decreased pulmonary flow: | ||
***Tricuspid valve anomalies | *****Tetralogy of fallot | ||
****Tricuspid atresia | *****Tricuspid valve anomalies | ||
****Tricuspid stenosis | ******Tricuspid atresia | ||
****Ebstein's anomaly | ******Tricuspid stenosis | ||
***Pulmonary stenosis (critical valvular) | ******Ebstein's anomaly | ||
***Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum | ****Pulmonary stenosis (critical valvular) | ||
**Increased pulmonary flow: | ****Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum | ||
***TGA (Transposition of great arteries, most common dextro type) | ****Increased pulmonary flow: | ||
***Truncus arteriosus | *****TGA (Transposition of great arteries, most common dextro type) | ||
***TAPVC (Total anamalous pulmonary venous connection) | *****Truncus arteriosus | ||
**Heart failure: Condition that present with cyanosis and heart failure include: | *****TAPVC (Total anamalous pulmonary venous connection) | ||
***Left sided obstructive lesion (HLHS) | ***Heart failure: Condition that present with cyanosis and severe heart failure include: | ||
***Coarctation of aorta | ****Left sided obstructive lesion (HLHS) | ||
***Critical valvular aortic stenosis | ****Coarctation of aorta | ||
****Critical valvular aortic stenosis | |||
*Pulmonary causes: | *Pulmonary causes: | ||
**Pulmonary hypertension | **Pulmonary hypertension | ||
Line 99: | Line 102: | ||
**Pulmonary hemorrhage | **Pulmonary hemorrhage | ||
**Pulmonary embolism | **Pulmonary embolism | ||
*Shock | *Shock | ||
*Sepsis | |||
*Acute chest syndrome | *Acute chest syndrome | ||
*'''Hematologic abnormalities:''' | |||
**Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired) | |||
**Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired) | |||
**Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells | |||
Revision as of 17:10, 20 February 2018
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):
- Smoke inhalation most commonly from house fires
- Carbon monoxide poisoing
- Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
- Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg: Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
- Disorders associated with impairment of chestwall or lung expansion:
- External compression
- Pneumothorax
- Hemothorax
- Flail chest
- Hypoventilation:
- Upper airway obstruction:
- Foreign body aspiration
- Pertussis/Croup
- Epiglottitis
- Tracheitis mostly bacterial
- Traumatic disruption (burns, fractures)
- Congenital airway abnormalities:
- Choanal atresia
- Laryngotracheomalacia
- Macroglossia
- Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome)
- Neurologic abnormalities:
- CNS depression
- Severe head trauma
- Apnea of prematurity
- Infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis)
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Seizures
- Cyanotic breath holding spells
- Coma
- Neuromuscular disorders:
- Myasthenia gravis
- Injury to the phrenic nerve
- Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease)
- Metabolic disorders:
- Severe hypoglycemia
- In born errors of metabolism
- Upper airway obstruction:
- Ventilation/perfusion mismatch:
- Asthma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Atelectasis
- Alveolar capillary dysplasia
- emphysema or COPD
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hypoplasia
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease)
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn
- Conditions causing impaired oxygen diffusion:
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pulmonary edema
- Pneumonia
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Empyema
- Circulatory causes:
- Anatomic shunts (Venous blood into arterial circulation):
- Cyanotic congenital heart diseases:
- Decreased pulmonary flow:
- Tetralogy of fallot
- Tricuspid valve anomalies
- Tricuspid atresia
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Pulmonary stenosis (critical valvular)
- Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
- Increased pulmonary flow:
- TGA (Transposition of great arteries, most common dextro type)
- Truncus arteriosus
- TAPVC (Total anamalous pulmonary venous connection)
- Decreased pulmonary flow:
- Heart failure: Condition that present with cyanosis and severe heart failure include:
- Left sided obstructive lesion (HLHS)
- Coarctation of aorta
- Critical valvular aortic stenosis
- Cyanotic congenital heart diseases:
- Anatomic shunts (Venous blood into arterial circulation):
- Pulmonary causes:
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Pulmonary embolism
- Shock
- Sepsis
- Acute chest syndrome
- Hematologic abnormalities:
- Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired)
- Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired)
- Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
[Disease name] may be caused by:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
OR
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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