Hemoptysis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*Hemoptysis is an important [[symptom]] that indicates an underlying [[Lung|pulmonary]] or extrapulmonary causes.<ref>Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/</ref> | *Hemoptysis is an important [[symptom]] that indicates an underlying [[Lung|pulmonary]] or extrapulmonary causes.<ref>Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/</ref> | ||
*Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week. | *Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.<ref name="LeeKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Myoung Kyu|last2=Kim|first2=Sang-Ha|last3=Yong|first3=Suk Joong|last4=Shin|first4=Kye Chul|last5=Kim|first5=Hyun Sik|last6=Yu|first6=Tae-Sun|last7=Choi|first7=Eun Hee|last8=Lee|first8=Won-Yeon|title=Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization|journal=The Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=1|year=2015|pages=53–64|issn=17526981|doi=10.1111/crj.12104}}</ref> | ||
*Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended. | *Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended. | ||
*Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow: | *Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow: | ||
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===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*[[Prognosis]] of hemoptysis is generally excellent. However, it requires further investigations. | *[[Prognosis]] of hemoptysis is generally excellent. However, it requires further investigations.<ref name="LeeKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Myoung Kyu|last2=Kim|first2=Sang-Ha|last3=Yong|first3=Suk Joong|last4=Shin|first4=Kye Chul|last5=Kim|first5=Hyun Sik|last6=Yu|first6=Tae-Sun|last7=Choi|first7=Eun Hee|last8=Lee|first8=Won-Yeon|title=Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization|journal=The Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=1|year=2015|pages=53–64|issn=17526981|doi=10.1111/crj.12104}}</ref> | ||
*Massive hemoptysis has a poor [[prognosis]] and the [[mortality rate]] of patients with hemoptysis is approximately 50-100%, if left untreated.<ref name="ShigemuraWan2009">{{cite journal|last1=Shigemura|first1=Norihisa|last2=Wan|first2=Innes Y.|last3=Yu|first3=Simon C.H.|last4=Wong|first4=Randolph H.|last5=Hsin|first5=Michael K.Y.|last6=Thung|first6=Hoi K.|last7=Lee|first7=Tak-Wai|last8=Wan|first8=Song|last9=Underwood|first9=Malcolm J.|last10=Yim|first10=Anthony P.C.|title=Multidisciplinary Management of Life-Threatening Massive Hemoptysis: A 10-Year Experience|journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery|volume=87|issue=3|year=2009|pages=849–853|issn=00034975|doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010}}</ref><ref name="NoëJaffé2011">{{cite journal|last1=Noë|first1=G.D.|last2=Jaffé|first2=S.M.|last3=Molan|first3=M.P.|title=CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment|journal=Clinical Radiology|volume=66|issue=9|year=2011|pages=869–875|issn=00099260|doi=10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001}}</ref> | *Massive hemoptysis has a poor [[prognosis]] and the [[mortality rate]] of patients with hemoptysis is approximately 50-100%, if left untreated.<ref name="ShigemuraWan2009">{{cite journal|last1=Shigemura|first1=Norihisa|last2=Wan|first2=Innes Y.|last3=Yu|first3=Simon C.H.|last4=Wong|first4=Randolph H.|last5=Hsin|first5=Michael K.Y.|last6=Thung|first6=Hoi K.|last7=Lee|first7=Tak-Wai|last8=Wan|first8=Song|last9=Underwood|first9=Malcolm J.|last10=Yim|first10=Anthony P.C.|title=Multidisciplinary Management of Life-Threatening Massive Hemoptysis: A 10-Year Experience|journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery|volume=87|issue=3|year=2009|pages=849–853|issn=00034975|doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010}}</ref><ref name="NoëJaffé2011">{{cite journal|last1=Noë|first1=G.D.|last2=Jaffé|first2=S.M.|last3=Molan|first3=M.P.|title=CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment|journal=Clinical Radiology|volume=66|issue=9|year=2011|pages=869–875|issn=00099260|doi=10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Hemoptysis is an important symptom that indicates an underlying pulmonary or extrapulmonary causes.[1]
- Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.[2]
- Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended.
- Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow:
- Persistent hemoptysis more than one week
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever higher than 101 degrees
- Shortness of breath
- Change in cough
- Fatigue
Complications
Prognosis
- Prognosis of hemoptysis is generally excellent. However, it requires further investigations.[2]
- Massive hemoptysis has a poor prognosis and the mortality rate of patients with hemoptysis is approximately 50-100%, if left untreated.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lee, Myoung Kyu; Kim, Sang-Ha; Yong, Suk Joong; Shin, Kye Chul; Kim, Hyun Sik; Yu, Tae-Sun; Choi, Eun Hee; Lee, Won-Yeon (2015). "Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1111/crj.12104. ISSN 1752-6981.
- ↑ Dweik RA, Stoller JK (1999). "Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis". Clin. Chest Med. 20 (1): 89–105. PMID 10205720.
- ↑ Allewelt M, Lode H (2005). "[Diagnosis of haemoptoe/haemoptysis]". Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. (in German). 130 (9): 450–2. doi:10.1055/s-2005-863074. PMID 15731957.
- ↑ Shigemura, Norihisa; Wan, Innes Y.; Yu, Simon C.H.; Wong, Randolph H.; Hsin, Michael K.Y.; Thung, Hoi K.; Lee, Tak-Wai; Wan, Song; Underwood, Malcolm J.; Yim, Anthony P.C. (2009). "Multidisciplinary Management of Life-Threatening Massive Hemoptysis: A 10-Year Experience". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 87 (3): 849–853. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010. ISSN 0003-4975.
- ↑ Noë, G.D.; Jaffé, S.M.; Molan, M.P. (2011). "CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment". Clinical Radiology. 66 (9): 869–875. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001. ISSN 0009-9260.