Hemoptysis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*Hemoptysis is an important [[symptom]] that indicates an underlying [[Lung|pulmonary]] or extrapulmonary causes.<ref>Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/</ref> | *Hemoptysis is an important [[symptom]] that indicates an underlying [[Lung|pulmonary]] or extrapulmonary causes.<ref>Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/</ref><ref name="LeeLee2012">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Yeon Joo|last2=Lee|first2=Sang-Min|last3=Park|first3=Jong Sun|last4=Yim|first4=Jae-Joon|last5=Yang|first5=Seok-Chul|last6=Kim|first6=Young Whan|last7=Han|first7=Sung Koo|last8=Lee|first8=Jae Ho|last9=Lee|first9=Choon-Taek|last10=Yoon|first10=Ho Il|last11=Yoo|first11=Chul-Gyu|title=The clinical implications of bronchoscopy in hemoptysis patients with no explainable lesions in computed tomography|journal=Respiratory Medicine|volume=106|issue=3|year=2012|pages=413–419|issn=09546111|doi=10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.010}}</ref> | ||
*Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.<ref name="LeeKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Myoung Kyu|last2=Kim|first2=Sang-Ha|last3=Yong|first3=Suk Joong|last4=Shin|first4=Kye Chul|last5=Kim|first5=Hyun Sik|last6=Yu|first6=Tae-Sun|last7=Choi|first7=Eun Hee|last8=Lee|first8=Won-Yeon|title=Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization|journal=The Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=1|year=2015|pages=53–64|issn=17526981|doi=10.1111/crj.12104}}</ref> | *Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.<ref name="LeeKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Myoung Kyu|last2=Kim|first2=Sang-Ha|last3=Yong|first3=Suk Joong|last4=Shin|first4=Kye Chul|last5=Kim|first5=Hyun Sik|last6=Yu|first6=Tae-Sun|last7=Choi|first7=Eun Hee|last8=Lee|first8=Won-Yeon|title=Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization|journal=The Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=1|year=2015|pages=53–64|issn=17526981|doi=10.1111/crj.12104}}</ref> | ||
*Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended. | *Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended. | ||
*Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow:<ref name="KhalilFedida2015">{{cite journal|last1=Khalil|first1=A.|last2=Fedida|first2=B.|last3=Parrot|first3=A.|last4=Haddad|first4=S.|last5=Fartoukh|first5=M.|last6=Carette|first6=M.-F.|title=Severe hemoptysis: From diagnosis to embolization|journal=Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging|volume=96|issue=7-8|year=2015|pages=775–788|issn=22115684|doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.007}}</ref> | *Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow:<ref name="KhalilFedida2015">{{cite journal|last1=Khalil|first1=A.|last2=Fedida|first2=B.|last3=Parrot|first3=A.|last4=Haddad|first4=S.|last5=Fartoukh|first5=M.|last6=Carette|first6=M.-F.|title=Severe hemoptysis: From diagnosis to embolization|journal=Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging|volume=96|issue=7-8|year=2015|pages=775–788|issn=22115684|doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.007}}</ref><ref name="JonesLatinovic2007">{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=Roger|last2=Latinovic|first2=Radoslav|last3=Charlton|first3=Judith|last4=Gulliford|first4=Martin C|title=Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database|journal=BMJ|volume=334|issue=7602|year=2007|pages=1040|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.39171.637106.AE}}</ref> | ||
** Persistent hemoptysis more than one week | ** Persistent hemoptysis more than one week | ||
** [[Chest pain]] | ** [[Chest pain]] |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Hemoptysis is an important symptom that indicates an underlying pulmonary or extrapulmonary causes.[1][2]
- Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.[3]
- Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended.
- Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow:[4][5]
- Persistent hemoptysis more than one week
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever higher than 101 degrees
- Shortness of breath
- Change in cough
- Fatigue
Complications
- Common complications of massive hemoptysis include:[6][7]
- Complications after bronchial artery embolization include:[8][9][10]
- Spinal cord injury
- Esophageal ulcer
- Stroke
- Bronchial infarction
- Transient chest pain
Prognosis
- Prognosis of hemoptysis is generally excellent. However, it requires further investigations.[3]
- Massive hemoptysis has a poor prognosis and the mortality rate of patients with hemoptysis is approximately 50-100%, if left untreated.[11][12]
References
- ↑ Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/
- ↑ Lee, Yeon Joo; Lee, Sang-Min; Park, Jong Sun; Yim, Jae-Joon; Yang, Seok-Chul; Kim, Young Whan; Han, Sung Koo; Lee, Jae Ho; Lee, Choon-Taek; Yoon, Ho Il; Yoo, Chul-Gyu (2012). "The clinical implications of bronchoscopy in hemoptysis patients with no explainable lesions in computed tomography". Respiratory Medicine. 106 (3): 413–419. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.010. ISSN 0954-6111.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lee, Myoung Kyu; Kim, Sang-Ha; Yong, Suk Joong; Shin, Kye Chul; Kim, Hyun Sik; Yu, Tae-Sun; Choi, Eun Hee; Lee, Won-Yeon (2015). "Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1111/crj.12104. ISSN 1752-6981.
- ↑ Khalil, A.; Fedida, B.; Parrot, A.; Haddad, S.; Fartoukh, M.; Carette, M.-F. (2015). "Severe hemoptysis: From diagnosis to embolization". Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 96 (7–8): 775–788. doi:10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.007. ISSN 2211-5684.
- ↑ Jones, Roger; Latinovic, Radoslav; Charlton, Judith; Gulliford, Martin C (2007). "Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database". BMJ. 334 (7602): 1040. doi:10.1136/bmj.39171.637106.AE. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ Dweik RA, Stoller JK (1999). "Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis". Clin. Chest Med. 20 (1): 89–105. PMID 10205720.
- ↑ Allewelt M, Lode H (2005). "[Diagnosis of haemoptoe/haemoptysis]". Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. (in German). 130 (9): 450–2. doi:10.1055/s-2005-863074. PMID 15731957.
- ↑ Andersen, P. E. (2016). "Imaging and interventional radiological treatment of hemoptysis". Acta Radiologica. 47 (8): 780–792. doi:10.1080/02841850600827577. ISSN 0284-1851.
- ↑ Gupta, Mudit; Srivastava, Deep Narayan; Seith, Ashu; Sharma, Sanjay; Thulkar, Sanjay; Gupta, Rashmi (2013). "Clinical Impact of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography Before Bronchial Artery Embolization in Patients With Hemoptysis: A Prospective Study". Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. 64 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2011.08.002. ISSN 0846-5371.
- ↑ Kalva, Sanjeeva P. (2009). "Bronchial Artery Embolization". Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 12 (2): 130–138. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2009.08.006. ISSN 1089-2516.
- ↑ Shigemura, Norihisa; Wan, Innes Y.; Yu, Simon C.H.; Wong, Randolph H.; Hsin, Michael K.Y.; Thung, Hoi K.; Lee, Tak-Wai; Wan, Song; Underwood, Malcolm J.; Yim, Anthony P.C. (2009). "Multidisciplinary Management of Life-Threatening Massive Hemoptysis: A 10-Year Experience". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 87 (3): 849–853. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010. ISSN 0003-4975.
- ↑ Noë, G.D.; Jaffé, S.M.; Molan, M.P. (2011). "CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment". Clinical Radiology. 66 (9): 869–875. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001. ISSN 0009-9260.