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==Classification Gastritis

Gastritis		Etiology	Gasstritis synonyms
Non-atrophic		Helicobacter pylori Other factors	Superficial Diffuse antral gastritis (DAG) Chronic antral gastritis (CAG) Interstitial - follicular Hypersecretory Type B*
Atrophic	Autoimmune	Autoimmunity	Type A* Diffuse corporal Pernicious anemia-associated
	Multifocal atrophic	Helicobacter pylori	Type B*, type AB*
		Dietary	Environmental
		Environmental factors	Metaplastic
Special form	Chemical	Chemical irritation	Reactive
		Bile	Reflux
		NSAIDs	NSAID
		Other agents	Type C*
	Radiation	Radiation injury

Risk assessment table

Scoring criteria for risk assessment*
Scoring system	Score	Risk
IMPROVEDD Score		Predicted % VTE risk through 42 days
	0	0.4%
	1	0.6%
	2	0.8%
	3	1.2%
	4	1.6%
	5-10	2.2%
		Predicted % VTE risk through 77 days
	0	0.5%
	1	0.7%
	2	1.0%
	3	1.4%
	4	1.9%
	5-10	2.75
IMPROVE score		Predicted % VTE risk through 3 months
	0	0.5%
	1	1.0%
	2	1.7%
	3	3.1%
	4	4%
	5-8	11%
Padua Score	< 4	Low risk for VTE
	≥ 4	High risk for VTE
Caprini score	0-1	Low risk of VTE
	2	Moderate of VTE
	3-4	High risk of VTE
	≥ 5	Highest risk for VTE

Pathophysiology of ILD

Tissue injury in lungs

Epitehelial injury

Vascular injury

Mast cells in lungs

LPA6, LPA2, and LPA4 receptors

Decreased sFRP-1 (secreted frizzled-related protein 1) in fibroblasts

Secretes tryptase

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling

Reduced expression of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Elevation of angiostatic factors, pigment epithelium-derived factor

Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway

PAR-2/protein kinase (PK)C-α/Raf-1/p44/42 signaling pathway

Upregulation of Egr-1 (early growth response protein 1)

IGF-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5)

IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)

Loss of endothelial barrier function

Dysregulation of repair in lung tissue

Regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β

Induction of syndecan-2 (SDC2)

Activation,proliferation, and migration of fibroblast to the site of injury

Fibroblasts

Altered PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)/Akt axis

Acquire contractile stress fibres

Inactivates Fox (forkhead box) O3a

Protomyofibroblast,composed of cytoplasmic actins

Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs)

Downregulation of cav-1 and Fas expression

De novo expression of α-SMA

TGF-β1-dependent mesothelial–mesenchymal transition

Fibroblast resistant to apoptosis

Myofibroblasts

Different ranges of contractions mediated by RhoA/Rho-associated kinase

Changes in intracellular calcium concentrations

Recruitement of fibrocytes in lungs

Lock step mechanism of cyclic and contractile events

T-helper cell type 2 on site of injury

Upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on fibrocytes and its ligand CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)

Excess ECM production

Exerting traction force

Interleukin-13

Migration of fibrocytes to the site of injury

Tissue remodelling

Alternate pathway activation of macrophages

Lung Fibrosis